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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!
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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2008 da PETROBRAS DISTRIBUIDORA-Cargo:Nível Superior(Todos os cargos)-Prova aplicada em 28/09/2008.
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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.
➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com
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[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público
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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova
➦01 Texto.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).
➦Use of english(uso do inglês).
👉 TEXTO "Money Doesn't Grow on Trees, But Gasoline Might"(O dinheiro não cresce nas árvores, mas a gasolina pode)
👉 Tema
👉 Fonte http://www.nsf.gov
[c]Dicionários sugestivos
Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte um dos 04(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.merriam-webster.com
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:
🔄Verbos
[to "]
🔄Phrasal Verbs:
[]
🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
["]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should/would/will/shall):
["]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
["]
🔄Expressões com 25 verbos que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões com 10 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU(amend,barter,change,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch,swop,vary):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
["]
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
["]
🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
["]
["]
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
["]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:
[]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
["]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:
["]
🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
["]
🔄Expressões comuns naturais:
["]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
["]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
["]
🔄 Extruturas típicas :
["]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
["]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
["]
🔄Falso cognato:
["]
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Agora, vamos à prova.
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Money Doesn't Grow on Trees, But Gasoline Might
Researchers make breakthrough in creating gasoline from plant matter, with almost no carbon footprint
April 7, 2008
National Science Foundation
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Researchers have made a breakthrough in the development of “green gasoline,” a liquid identical to standard gasoline yet created from sustainable biomass sources like switchgrass and poplar trees. Reporting in the cover article of the April 7, 2008 issue of Chemistry & Sustainability, Energy & Materials, chemical engineer and National Science Foundation (NSF) researcher George Huber of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst and his graduate students announced the first direct conversion of plant cellulose into gasoline components.
Even though it may be 5 to 10 years before green gasoline arrives at the pump or finds its way into a jet airplane, these breakthroughs have bypassed significant difficulties to bringing green gasoline biofuels to market. “It is likely that the future consumer will not even know that they are putting biofuels into their car,” said Huber.
“Biofuels in the future will most likely be similar in chemical composition to gasoline and diesel fuel used today. The challenge for chemical engineers is to efficiently produce liquid fuels from biomass while fitting into the existing infrastructure today.”
For their new approach, the UMass researchers rapidly heated cellulose in the presence of solid catalysts, materials that speed up reactions without sacrificing themselves in the process. They then rapidly cooled the products to create a liquid that contains many of the compounds found in gasoline. The entire process was completed in less than two minutes using relatively moderate amounts of heat.
“Green gasoline is an attractive alternative to bioethanol since it can be used in existing engines and does not incur the 30 percent gas mileage penalty of ethanol-based flex fuel,” said John Regalbuto, who directs the Catalysis and Biocatalysis Program at NSF and supported this research.
“In theory it requires much less energy to make than ethanol, giving it a smaller carbon footprint and making it cheaper to produce,” Regalbuto said. “Making it from cellulose sources such as switchgrass or poplar trees grown as energy crops, or forest or agricultural residues such as wood chips or corn stover, solves the lifecycle greenhouse gas problem that has recently surfaced with corn ethanol and soy biodiesel.”
Beyond academic laboratories, both small businesses and petroleum refiners are pursuing green gasoline. Companies are designing ways to hybridizetheir existing refineries to enable petroleum products including fuels, textiles, and plastics to be made from either crude oil or biomass and the military community has shown strong interest in making jet fuel and diesel from the same sources.
“Huber’s new process for the direct conversion of cellulose to gasoline aromatics is at the leading edge of the new ‘Green Gasoline’ alternate energy paradigm that NSF, along with other federal agencies, is helping to promote,” states Regalbuto.
http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=111392
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👉 Questão 11 :
The main purpose of this text is to
(A) report on a new kind of fuel that might harm the environment.
(B) advertise the recent findings of chemical engineers concerning gasoline components.
(C) criticize the latest research on biofuels that could not find a relevant alternative to oil.
(D) justify why corn ethanol and soy biodiesel are the best alternatives to standard gasoline.
(E) announce a significant advance in the development of an eco friendly fuel that may impact the market.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
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👉 Questão 12 :
According to the text, it is NOT correct to affirm that green gasoline
(A) is cheaper to produce than ethanol.
(B) derives from vegetables and plants.
(C) can already be used in jet airplanes.
(D) requires much less energy to make than ethanol.
(E) results in smaller amounts of carbon emissions than ethanol.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
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👉 Questão 13 :
In the sentence “‘It is likely that the future consumer will not even know that they are putting biofuels into their car,’” (lines 16-17), “It is likely that” could be substituted by
(A) Surely.
(B) Certainly.
(C) Probably.
(D) Obviously.
(E) Undoubtedly.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
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👉 Questão 14 :
The item “themselves” (line 27) refers to
(A) “researchers” (line 24).
(B) “materials” (line 26).
(C) “reactions” (line 26).
(D) “compounds” (line 29).
(E) “amounts” (line 31).
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
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👉 Questão 15 :
Which alternative contains a correct correspondence of meaning?
(A) “speed up” (line 26) means accelerate.
(B) “rapidly” (line 27) is the opposite of quickly.
(C) “entire” (line 29) could not be replaced by whole.
(D) “residues” (line 43) and leftovers are antonyms. (E) “surfaced” (line 45) and emerged are not synonyms.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
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👉 Questão 16 :
Mark the sentence in which the idea introduced by the word in bold type is correctly described.
(A) “Even though it may be 5 to 10 years before green gasoline arrives at the pump or finds its way into a jet airplane,” (lines 12-14) – comparison
(B) “…while fitting into the existing infrastructure today.” (lines 22-23) – consequence
(C) “…then rapidly cooled the products to create a liquid that contains many of the compounds found in gasoline.” (lines 27-29) – contrast
(D) “‘Green gasoline is an attractive alternative to bioethanol since it can be used in existing engines…’” (lines 3233) – reason
(E) “‘Making it from cellulose sources such as switchgrass or poplar trees grown as energy crops,” (lines 40-42) – addition
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
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👉 Questão 17 :
Paragraph 4 (lines 24-31) informs that UMass researchers produce green gasoline by
(A) creating a hot liquid from standard gasoline adding catalysts.
(B) using cellulose with liquids that catalyze gasoline in less than two minutes.
(C) applying moderate heat to compounds found in gasoline to produce a solid catalyst.
(D) slowly cooling the product of solid catalystic reactions which will produce cellulose.
(E) heating cellulose with specific catalysts and then cooling the product so it transforms into a liquid.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
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👉 Questão 18 :
According to this text, it might be said that corn ethanol and soy biodiesel have
(A) contributed to the greenhouse gas problem.
(B) increased consumption in cars by 30 percent.
(C) produced residues such as wood chips or corn stover.
(D) caused the extinction of sustainable biomass sources.
(E) generated a smaller carbon footprint than green gasoline.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
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👉 Questão 19 :
The text says that research on green gasoline has
(A) had no printed space in scientific journals.
(B) not received support from scientific foundations. (C) found no interest among the military and the businessmen.
(D) been neglected by academic laboratories and graduate research programs.
(E) had to overcome problems to discover an efficient means of producing and marketing this fuel.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
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👉 Questão 20 :
The title of the text, “Money Doesn’t Grow on Trees, But Gasoline Might”, refers to the
(A) planting of trees near oil wells that produce gasoline.
(B) exciting possibility of developing an effective green fuel.
(C) amazing solution of diluting gasoline with forest and agricultural residues.
(D) incredible discovery of trees that produce more when irrigated with a mixture of gasoline.
(E) sensational invention of new green fuel that will cost three million dollars in reforestation.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
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