sábado, 30 de janeiro de 2016

FGV-SP-ECONOMIA-2008-1º SEMESTRE-Vestibular da Fundação Getúlio Vargas-Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e Questões Comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!
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Neste post, veremos a Prova INGLÊS-FGV-SP-Fundação Getúlio Vargas-ECONOMIA-SP-VESTIBULAR-2008-1º SEMESTRE. Prova aplicada em 02/12/2007.
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A prova de inglês tem 15 questões do tipo múltipla escolha(A,B,C,D,E).
LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais,revistas, websites, dicionários a seguir, é um excelente treino para a provas de inglês da FGV-ECONOMIA.
www.economist.com
www.prospectmagazine.co.uk
www.naturalhistorymag.com
www.lrb.co.uk
Chambers Dictionary World History
http://time.com
www.nytimes.com
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[a]Banca/Organizador 
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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 
➦ A prova de Inglês é composta por 15 questões.
➦ Foco: 
Compreensão Textual de eventos atuais de relevância mundial.
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[c] FONTES TEXTUAIS presentes nas provas da FGV-ECONOMIA :
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Revista Britânica: THE ECONOMIST.

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Revista Britânica: PROSPECT.
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Revista Norte-Americana: NATURAL HISTORY.

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Jornal Norte-Americano: INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE.


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Periódico britânico: LONDON REVIEW OF BOOKS -www.lrb.co.uk.
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Dicionário da História Mundial: CHAMBERS DICTIONARY OF WORLD HISTORY.
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Jornal norte-americana: THE NEW YORK TIMES, www.nytimes.com.
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[c] DICTIONARY 
Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/dicionario/ingles/grotesque
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/
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🔄 VERBS :
➝ ]
[
🔄 PHRASAL VERBS:
➝ ]
🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➝ ]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➝ ]   
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
➝ ]
🔄Expressões VERBAIS EM GERAL:
➝ ] 
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➝ ]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:
➝ ]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:
➝ ]
🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso :
➝ ] 
🔄Expressões comuns :
[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas :
➝ ]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO :
➝ ]
🔄Expressões/Vocábulos técnicos :
➝ ]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=indica posse):
[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➝ ]
🔄Questions:
[ ➝ ]
🔄Falso cognato:
[ ➝ ]
* → .
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Agora, vamos à prova.
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Leia o texto e responda às questões de números 76 a 82
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Up from the bottom of the pile Something rather exciting is happening in Latin America
Aug 16th 2007
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1
Much of the news coming out of Latin America in recent years has been of radical populists proclaiming “revolution” or, as Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez would have it, “21st century socialism”. In their widely propagated caricature, a tiny white elite in Latin America oppresses an indigenous majority whose poverty has been exacerbated by the free-market reforms imposed by the IMF and the United States.
2
So it might be hard to believe that in many countries in the region, and especially in Brazil and Mexico, Latin America’s two giants, things are in fact going better today than they have done since the mid-1970s. The region is in its fourth successive year of economic growth averaging a steady 5%. In most places inflation is in low single digits. And for the first time in memory, growth has gone hand-in-hand with a current-account surplus, holding out hope that it will not be scotched by a habitual Latin American balance-of-payments crunch.
3
What is more, financial stability and faster growth are starting to transform social conditions with astonishing speed. The number of people living in poverty is falling, not only because of growth but also thanks to the social policies of reforming democratic governments. The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico.
4
In both these countries a new lower-middle class is emerging from poverty. Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates. Credit has at last returned. So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages. No wonder Latin Americans are in an optimistic mood: earlier this year a poll by the Pew Global Attitudes Project found a greater increase in personal satisfaction in Brazil and Mexico over the past five years than in any of the other 45 countries it surveyed.
(www.economist.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=9653053. Adaptado.)
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👉 Questão  76 :
According to the text, Latin American radical populists
a) managed to implant the 21st century socialism in many countries.
b) believe that a small white elite dominates the majority of the poor population.
c) think that the IMF is not interested in free-market reforms to please the USA.
d) proclaim that the IMF dominates the USA’s decisions towards socialism.
e) propagate a caricature of Uncle Sam and capitalism.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] a tiny white elite in Latin America oppresses an indigenous majority whose poverty has been exacerbated by the free-market reforms imposed by the IMF and the United States.”
• indigenous = nativa
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👉 Questão  77 :
A América Latina
a) apresenta um desenvolvimento constante desde a década de 70.
b) controlou a inflação em quase todos os países, mantendo-a no máximo de 5%.
c) está demonstrando um superávit comercial que ainda pode ser afetado pela dívida interna.
d) exibe um crescimento econômico médio de 5% há quatro anos com inflação abaixo de dois dígitos.
e) tem o Brasil e o México como exemplos de países que aderiram ao livre mercado e conseguiram crescimento recorde.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto: “The region is in its fourth successive year of economic growth averaging a steady 5%. In most places inflation is in low single digits.”
• steady = constante
• single = único
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👉 Questão  78 :
No Brasil,
a) a distribuição de renda historicamente desigual está menos díspare.
b) as condições sociais estão promovendo a redução da pobreza sem prejudicar a elite.
c) os pobres são favorecidos pelo socialismo populista.
d) a estabilidade financeira ainda é precária e é necessário programar reformas democráticas.
e) a polícia deve ser reformada para ter um papel mais social e democrático no governo.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico.”
• income = renda
• inequality = desigualdade
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👉 Questão  79 :
No Brasil e no México, o surgimento da nova classe média baixa que emerge da pobreza se deve
a) ao clima de otimismo e ao aumento da satisfação pessoal.
b) ao parcelamento das dívidas para compra de bens como automóveis e aparelhos eletrônicos.
c) ao comércio liberalizado que permite a importação de produtos baratos em escala global.
d) ao controle das despesas públicas e privatização de serviços como saúde e educação.
e) à inflação baixa que permite juros menores para o crédito parcelado.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
No texto:
"[...] Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates. Credit has at last returned.”
• interest rates = taxas de juros
• at last = finalmente
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👉 Questão  80 :
No trecho do último parágrafo – So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages.– a palavra So pode ser substituída, sem mudar o sentido, por
a) however.
b) such as.
c) therefore.
d) besides.
e) because.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) however.(contudo, entretanto)
b) such as.(tal(tais) como)
c) therefore.(SO=portanto)
d) besides.(além de)
e) because.(porque)
➦"So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages."
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👉 Questão  81 :
In the following excerpt of the third paragraph of the text – The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico – the word those refers to
a) the poor.
b) the rich.
c) the incomes.
d) rising faster.
e) Brazil and Mexico.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) the poor.
b) the rich.
c) the incomes.
d) rising faster.
e) Brazil and Mexico.
➦As rendas dos pobres estão crescendo mais rápido do que as dos ricos...
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👉 Questão  82 :
No trecho do último parágrafo – Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates.– a palavra through significa em português
a) por meio de.
b) antes de.
c) mesmo que.
d) apesar de.
e) embora.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
a) por meio de.(through)
b) antes de.
c) mesmo que.
d) apesar de.
e) embora.
➦Inflação baixa, alcançada por meio de finanças públicas mais disciplinadas e liberalização do comércio, tem levado à diminuição das taxas de juros.
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Leia o texto e responda às questões de números 83 a 87
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Analyse Opportunities and Challenges in the BRIC Economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China With This New Report
August 29, 2007
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1
Research and Markets has announced the addition of Datamonitor’s latest title “Key Growth Markets: Opportunities and Challenges in Brazil, Russia, India and China” to their offering. The BRIC economies have to varying degrees shown rapid economic growth, increasing market size across all sectors and a burgeoning middle class in recent years. However, they have also been criticized by investors for their poor infrastructure and high rates of corruption. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities in these economies.
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Highlights of this title:
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2
China and India have had phases of good economic performance through the 1990’s and later. At the same time, though not as remarkable, the Russian Federation, after the collapse of the communist regime, has also shown potential for rapid economic growth. The BRIC economies face challenges to improve the functioning of their states, improving the current ineffective law and order systems, reduce rampant corruption and managing the current high levels of inequality and poverty. Economic growth in Brazil seems to have recovered from the slowdown in the 1990’s and is now looking steady. However, the economy shows significantly low growth when compared to its BRIC partners and Brazil continues to face high levels of debt in the international market.
(www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/c66999. Adaptado.)
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👉 Questão  83 :
O relatório “Key Growth Markets: Opportunities and Challenges in Brazil, Russia, India and China”
a) afirma que os países BRIC devem primeiro superar diversos problemas para serem atraentes aos investidores.
b) avalia o potencial de investimento de cada integrante dos BRICs até a década de 90 em comparação com a década atual.
c) defende que os BRICs serão economias fortes e deixarão de ser um mercado de risco futuro.
d) analisa em profundidade as economias dos países BRIC quanto as suas oportunidades e desafios.
e) trata do risco dos países emergentes que pretendem atrair investimentos de países ricos.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] This report provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities in these economies.”
• to provide = fornecer • in-depth = em profundidade • challenges = desafios
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👉 Questão  84 :
Entre os países BRIC,
a) a Rússia demonstrou o melhor desempenho econômico após a queda do regime comunista.
b) a economia do Brasil tem crescimento mais baixo, apesar de estável.
c) a Índia deve superar a desigualdade social e a pobreza para competir com a China pelos investimentos estrangeiros.
d) a Rússia tem a pior infra-estrutura devido a falta de investimentos durante o regime comunista.
e) todos apresentam alto índice de corrupção, sendo o Brasil o mais marcante nesse aspecto.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Economic growth in Brazil seems to have recovered from the slowdown in the 1990’s and is now looking steady. However, the economy shows significantly low growth when compared to its BRIC partners...”
• slowdown = redução no ritmo de produção
• steady = estável
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👉 Questão  85 :
One of the favorable aspects the BRIC countries have recently demonstrated is
a) an expansion of the middle class.
b) investments in infrastructure.
c) control of the high rates of corruption.
d) effective law systems.
e) low but steady economy growth.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
Resolução Um dos aspectos favoráveis que os países do BRIC têm demonstrado recentemente é uma expansão da classe média.
➦No texto:
"[...] The BRIC economies have to varying degrees shown rapid economic growth, increasing market size across all sectors and a burgeoning middle class in recent years."
• varying degrees – graus variados
• growth – crescimento
• to increase – aumentar
• burgeoning – crescimento, expansão
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👉 Questão  86 :
No trecho do texto – At the same time, though not as remarkable, the Russian Federation, after the collapse of the communist regime, has also shown potential for rapid economic growth.– a palavra though indica
a) alternância.
b) causa.
c) explicação.
d) ressalva.
e) comparação.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No trecho do texto, though indica ressalva:
"At the same time, though not as remarkable"
• though = embora.
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👉 Questão  87 :
O texto
a) apresenta os aspectos positivos e os problemas da economia de cada país BRIC.
b) alerta os investidores sobre os riscos de seu capital em países emergentes.
c) defende os países em desenvolvimento, pois são economias em rápido crescimento.
d) indica os BRICs como um mercado para investimentos futuros.
e) apresenta os BRICs como uma bolha de investimento que logo irá estourar.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The BRIC economies have to varying degrees shown rapid economic growth, increasing market size across all sectors and a burgeoning middle class in recent years. However, they have also been criticized by investors for their poor infrastructure and high rates of corruption."
• rates = taxas
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Leia o texto e responda às questões de números 88 a 90.
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Forest nations press for carbon credits to help cut greenhouse gas 
Financial Times, Sept. 13, 2007
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1
Eight nations with the largest tropical forests have agreed to push for their protection to be made eligible for carbon credits. Rachmat Witoelar, Indonesia’s environment minister, said Brazil, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Congo and Indonesia, with 80 per cent of the world’s tropical forest cover, had formed the Forestry Eight, whose goal is to have forest preservation included in the successor to the Kyoto protocol on climate change, which expires in 2012. Under Kyoto, only reforestation and afforestation are eligible for carbon credits.
2
The group’s first meeting will be at a UN-convened gathering on climate change in New York on September 24. Formal negotiations on the global framework are to begin at a UN conference in Bali in December. “We’re all in agreement now for the first time,” Mr. Witoelar told the Financial Times. “So I’m optimistic that carbon credits for not cutting down trees will become a reality.”
3
Indonesia and Brazil are considered the world’s third and fourth largest emitters of greenhouse gases respectively because of the amount of carbon that escapes during deforestation. Forests can help fight climate change because trees absorb carbon as they grow, and store it until they die or are cut down. Deforestation is thought responsible for about 20 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, the Stern review said.
4
But paying countries to keep forests intact is controversial. Many governments fear rainforest nations could use the threat of destruction of their forests as a bargaining chip in climate change negotiations. It is also hard to quantify how much carbon forests hold, and how much forest a country has. Also, much deforestation is caused by illegal logging activities, raising moral issues. James Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality, said: “You would be paying people not to engage in an illegal activity.”
(www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20752157/ Adaptado.)
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👉 Questão  88 :
The Forestry Eight
a) wish reforestation and afforestation to be included for carbon credits.
b) are fast growing countries leaded by Indonesia.
c) comprise 80% of the world’s tropical forests.
d) wish the Kyoto protocol to be extended after 2012.
e) claim that Kyoto protocol should be signed by the United States.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Rachmat Witoelar, Indonesia’s environment minister, said Brazil, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Congo and Indonesia, with 80 per cent of the world’s tropical forest cover, had formed the Forestry Eight."
• to comprise = compreender, abranger
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👉 Questão  89 :
O desmatamento
a) pode amenizar o clima, pois as árvores absorvem o carbono durante o seu crescimento.
b) pode ser a causa de cerca de um quinto das emissões de gases de efeito estufa.
c) causado por madeireiras deve ser fiscalizado devido a questões ambientais.
d) precisa ser usado como forma de pressão nas negociações em Bali.
e) pode ser facilmente quantificado em termos da extensão das florestas de cada país.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Deforestation is thought responsible for about 20 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, the Stern review said.”
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👉 Questão  90 :
Na citação de James Connaughton do último parágrafo – “You would be paying people not to engage in an illegal activity”– illegal activity refere-se a
a) negociatas sobre mudanças climáticas.
b) barganhas sobre desmatamento.
c) questionamentos sobre comportamentos morais. d) pagamento de pessoas não engajadas.
e) ações de madeireiras ilegais.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] also hard to quantify how much carbon forests hold, and how much forest a country has. Also, much deforestation is caused by illegal logging activities, raising moral issues. James Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality, said: “You would be paying people not to engage in an illegal activity.”
* logging = derrubada, corte e transporte de madeira