sábado, 24 de setembro de 2016

IME/VESTIBULAR/2017 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• IME-VESTIBULAR-2017-LÍNGUA INGLESA.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 25 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.


 TEXTO:

 GABARITO:


21-E, 22-B, 23-A, 24-D, 25-E


 TEXTO: Para as questões de 01 a 10, escolha a alternativa que completa o texto 1 corretamente. 

Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste 

Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used __01__. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential __02__ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, __03__ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. 

Modern engineered landfills use __04__ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __05__ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. 

Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs __06__ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported__07__ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __08__ an important area for further research. 

Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste __09__ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely __10__ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.

(…)

ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015.

Disponível em:<http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINAL&docLanguage=En>. Acesso em: 22/04/2015.

01 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017) 

(A) shiningly

(B) locale

(C) in broad spectrum

(D) far-reaching

(E) worldwide

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

02 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) release

(B) confinement

(C) allowance

(D) bondage

(E) exemption

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

03 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) moreover

(B) host

(C) comprised

(D) including

(E) inward

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

04 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) thread

(B) crease

(C) synthetic

(D) factitious

(E) legitimate

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

05 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) in so far

(B) thereby

(C) besides

(D) despite

(E) nevertheless

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

06 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) would untie

(B) may set free

(C) can be acquitted

(D) could be released

(E) should unleash

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

07 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) prior

(B) out of

(C) by

(D) afresh

(E) up

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

08 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(B) may have considered

(C) could have considered

(D) will not consider

(E) would not consider

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

09 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) indoors

(B) inwardly

(C) within

(D) aside

(E) overhead

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

10 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

(A) iffy

(B) ticklish

(C) variable

(D) mobile

(E) wavering

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

Para as questões de 11 a 12, responda de acordo com o texto 2 a seguir:

Could earth be fried by a 'superflare' from the sun?

Daniel Clery

Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chance—though small—that the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. 

Other stars occasionally produce such “superflares,” some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sun—the breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields—astronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using China’s Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the sun’s. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the sun’s. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares—10 to 100 times bigger than normal—in 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they don’t say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles.

C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini.

CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a ‘superflare’ from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun>. Acesso em: 15/06/2016.

11 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) Researches are disrupted since a solar flare will obliterate life.

(B) Sun eruptions could wipe out all life on Earth.

(C) The Aurora Borealis is as welcome as disruptions.

(D) Power networks frequently benefit from solar flares.

(E) Whenever Aurora Borealis can be seen, there will not be any power network.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

12 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) An equipment from an Asian country broke and reconnected 100,000 magnetic fields.

(B) 10,000 “strong” solar flares produced by other stars were detected.

(C) 100,000 stars have stronger magnetic fields than the sun's.

(D) The breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields surely produce superflares from stars different from the sun.

(E) Bigger than normal flares may have reached our planet.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

13 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) Since a flare may occur at any moment, it’s interesting to have some candles at home due to the power disruption it may cause.

(B) Superflares are predictable once a millennium as well as an Earth-frying superflare, so it is essential to have our data saved.

(C) Evidence in tree rings prove we will be able to see the Aurora Borealis twice in this millenium.

(D) The percentage of Earth-frying flares was also detected by scientists.

(E) 10% of superflaring stars produce 10 to 100 times stronger superflares.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

Para as questões 14 e 15, responda de acordo com o texto 3 a seguir: 

Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company. 

Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, 'De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company'. 

Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relay by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the ‘father of radio’.

In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61.

14 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) Lee de Forest was taken to court and then transmitted the first Morse Code.

(B) People could not profit since they had bought shares.

(C) He was charged with fraud for having sold some specific shares.

(D) The selling of shares made him buy a Radio Telephone Company.

(E) He was forbidden to sell his own company’s stocks.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

15 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) Even after the transmission of the Morse Code, the prosecutor did not believe in signal transmission.

(B) De forest was prosecuted for announcing something in the media which proved impossible to happen in a two years' time.

(C) By the time it was proven de Forest was right, 14 years had gone from that day in court.

(D) Over a decade after the Morse Code was transmitted, de Forest was arrested.

(E) The prosecutor thought the public was led to accept impossible hypotheses.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

Para as questões 16 e 17, responda de acordo com o texto 4 a seguir: 

When he was 19, in 1898, Albert Einstein was refused a place at the Munich Technical Institute because he 'showed no promise'. Three years later, Einstein took Swiss citizenship and became an examiner at the Swiss Patent Office. In his spare time, he continued his study of physics and by 1905 had advanced so far that he was able to publish the first of his celebrated papers on the theory of relativity which earned worldwide fame.

In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 60.

16 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

What's the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence:

"In his spare time, he continued his study of physics (...)"? 

(A) Temperate.

(B) Not abundant.

(C) Lean and trim.

(D) Not elaborate.

(E) Unoccupied.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

17 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) After his discovery, he got a job as a Swiss examiner at the Munich Technical Institute.

(B) He published the first of his papers on relativity due to his off-duty hours dedicated to his own research.

(C) He needed to be fired by a German institution at the age of 19 to finally come up with a new theory.

(D) He had been stubborn all of his life when he discovered something in 1901 that would change his life forever.

(E) The examinations he was in charge daily weakened the quality of his research. The result was fame.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

Para as questões  de 18 a 20, responda de acordo com o texto 5 a seguir):

High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin

Sonar signals hold clues that could save an endangered species 

The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely. 

So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water. The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt. By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical range—data that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct.

IEEE Spectrum. High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum, 2016. Disponível em:<http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightecheavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin>. Acesso em: 15/06/2016.

18 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

What's the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence:

“(…) her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water” ? 

(A) Darkened and dusky.

(B) Shining and clear.

(C) Blighted and hazardous.

(D) Deep and blemished.

(E) Slipshod and littered.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

19 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Choose the correct option. 

(A) Two remaining factors might make the Ganges river dolphins go extinct.

(B) Dolphins were completely removed from dams.

(C) The sonar monitoring system floats on the river water.

(D) Information collected through the sonar might help save the dolphins.

(E) High-frequency clicks used to hunt hide the presence of the animals.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

20 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Why is the word eavesdrop used? 

(A) Because researches will be able to keep the species living in the Ganges.

(B) Because scientists and dolphins can track each other through the murky water.

(C) Because dolphins can communicate and indicate the presence of scientists.

(D) Because researchers need to deal with obstacles.

(E) Because dolphins seem unaware of the interception of communication.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

TERMOS DESTACADOS: Nas questões 21 a 25, encontram-se em destaque cinco termos ou expressões. assinale a alternativa correspondente ao termo cujo emprego está INCORRETO:

21 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

The rolling robot BB-8 captivated moviegoers as it helped save the day in the 2016 film "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" — though even the most die-hard fan would admit that we aren't likely to see a real-world robot quite like that in the near future. However, there's another spherical, programmable, rolling robot currently in development that's capable of making important work to engage children with special needs, particularly children on the autism. 

(A) as

(B) die-hard

(C) quite

(D) currently

(E) making

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

22 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Described by its designers as "a robotic companion," the roly-poly Leka robot is shaped like a ball, has an enduring "face" that changes expressions, and uses sound, light and colors to interact with users through customizable games that improve cognitive and motor skills. Caregivers and educators can program the toy to guide children with developmental disabilities through a range of activities, helping them to improve communication and learn to connect with their environment and with others around them. 

(A) roly-poly

(B) enduring

(C) through

(D) range

(E) others

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

23 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

A rare genome has been identified in an ancient body pulled from a sarcophagus on a site near ancient Carthage, in a discovery which could throw new light on the history of human movement. The DNA of the 2,500-year-old remains of the ‘Young Man of Byrsa’, discovered in 1994 and believed to had been that of a young male Phoenician, was sequenced by a team of scientists. They found it contained an extremely rare type of genome sequence, known as U5b2c1, which is almost unknown among modern populations. The research has now been published in the scientific journal Plos One. 

(A) has been identified

(B) which

(C) to had been

(D) found

(E) among

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

24 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Here’s an increasingly common scenario: You’re a business or IT leader, and you learn - quite possible from sources outside your company - that cyberattackers have compromised your organization’s systems. You don’t know yet how serious a breach you’re facing, but it’s clearly time to activate your crisis-communication plan. 

(A) possible

(B) compromised

(C) organization’s

(D) know

(E) breach

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

25 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2017)

Technologies like driverless cars and smart heating systems could end up making cities dysfunctional according to Maarten Hajer, chief curator of the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam 2016. Speaking at an opening event for the biennale, Hajer called for architects and designers to stop to treat the advent of smart technologies as inevitable, and to question whether they will solve any problems at all. 

(A) driverless

(B) Speaking

(C) called for

(D) to treat

(E) question

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 


• PARTE 2PRODUÇÕES DE TEXTO.

• TEMA 1:

Escreva, EM INGLÊS, uma continuação coerente e coesa de 20 a 30 palavras para o fragmento abaixo. Use sua imaginação.

"Up to that moment, he had always been rational."

• TEMA 2:
Para o tema abaixo, escreva UM parágrafo EM INGLÊS de 20 a 30 palavras. Use sua imaginação.

Read the following statement.

"Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can’t lose."

Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Explain why.

quarta-feira, 7 de setembro de 2016

IME – 2015/2016 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ A pauta aqui é MILITARY ENGLISH.

➧ PROVAIME-2015/2016-LÍNGUA INGLESA.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADORhttp://www.ime.eb.mil.br/

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA25 questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:


01-E, 02-C, 03-B, 04-A, 05-D
06-A, 07-E, 08-C, 09-D, 10-B
11-C, 12-A, 13-E, 14-D, 15-D
16-B, 17-B, 18-E, 19-C, 20-B
21-A, 22-D, 23-B, 24-C, 25-D


➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXTPara as questões de 01 a 10, escolha a alternativa que completa o texto 1 corretamente . 

Water: Unclogging the finance 

How to improve water systems is one challenge; financing them is another. Public authorities in most countries play the main role in implementing and funding water infrastructure, but it is a model that is under increasing pressure, with government budgets __01__ and banks still prudent about issuing credit.

There is no generic funding model that can be applied to every need; the sheer diversity of water infrastructures and sources of financing __02__ to be identified, scanned and tapped in line with particular investment types and needs.

There may be small-scale projects initiated by local entrepreneurs, or large infrastructures that serve multiple __03__, such as energy and heavy manufacturing. Some investments may involve green ecosystems to supply, store or filter water.

Not only will these infrastructures have different financing needs, but will access funds in different ways, for instance through capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc.

Take large dams and large reservoirs. These are costly, long-term affairs. The Three Gorges Dam project in China, for instance, could cost over US$22 billion, according to government __04__, including construction, relocation of residents and financing costs.

Moreover, cost recovery is not expected to occur for 10 years after full operation starts.

Such major projects tend to be financed __05__ major development banks such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, and institutional investors such as pension funds. The sources for long-term financing are expanding, with the emergence of sovereign funds and philanthropists, __06__ of new groups like the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, __07___ opened in March 2015.

But before leaping into major __08__ such as dams, policymakers must answer several questions. Will the construction lock them in and still be valuable in 25, 50 or 100 years’ time? After all, there are several cases of investments that have fallen into disuse or underuse, such as a desalination __09__ in Sydney that was built during a severe but temporary drought, and dams in France’s Loire Valley that are now being decommissioned at some cost. Had a more forwardprobing 'value options' approach been used in planning them, they __10__ in the first place.

(...)

Disponível em http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4825/Water:_Unclogging_the_finance.html#sthash.kRhyDJ1.dpuf Acesso em 16 Abr 2015.

01 – (IME-2015/2016) 

(A) outcropped
(B) thrilled
(C) coated
(D) mingled
(E) stretched
 

02 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) dare
(B) nobble
(C) need
(D) chase
(E) snarf
 

03 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) deeds
(B) purposes
(C) flicks
(D) backlashes
(E) origins
 

04 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) estimates
(B) percentages
(C) shares
(D) denominations
(E) measures
 

05 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) below
(B) on
(C) of
(D) by
(E) for
 

06 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) as well as
(B) as badly as
(C) so obnoxious as
(D) such modern as
(E) not so good as
 

07 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) that
(B) who
(C) whose
(D) what
(E) which
 

08 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) slowdowns
(B) forbearances
(C) undertakings
(D) upheavals
(E) counterblasts
 

09 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) policy
(B) gumption
(C) loafing
(D) plant
(E) cluster
 

10 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) had been constructed
(B) might not have been built
(C) had been designed
(D) wouldn't have blown up
(E) could have been raised
 

Para as questões de 11 a 13, escolha a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto 2 a seguir.

MATERIALS OF IMPORTANCE

Carbonated Beverages Containers One common item that presents some interesting material property requirements is the container for carbonated beverages. The material used for this application must satisfy the following constraints: provide a barrier to the passage of carbon dioxide, which is under pressure in the container; be nontoxic, unreactive with the beverage, and, preferably be recyclable; be relatively strong, and capable of surviving a drop from a height of several feet when containing the beverage; be inexpensive and the cost to fabricate the final shape should be relatively low; if ptically transparent, retain its optical clarity; and capable of being produced having different colors and/or able to be adorned with decorative labels. 

All three of the basic material types — metal (aluminum), ceramic (glass), and polymer (polyester plastic) — are used for carbonated beverage containers. All of these materials are nontoxic and unreactive with beverages. In addition, each material has its pros and cons. For example, the aluminum alloy is relatively strong (but easily dented), is a very good barrier to the diffusion of carbon dioxide, is easily recycled, beverages are cooled rapidly, and labels may be painted onto its surface.

On the other hand, the cans are optically opaque, and relatively expensive to produce. Glass is impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide, is a relatively inexpensive material, may be recycled, but it cracks and fractures easily, and glass bottles are relatively heavy. Whereas the plastic is relatively strong,  may be made optically transparent, is inexpensive and lightweight, and is recyclable, it is not as impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide as the aluminum and glass. For example, you may have noticed that beverages in aluminum and glass containers retain their carbonization (i.e., 'fizz') for several years, whereas those in two-liter plastic bottles 'go flat' within a few months.

Disponível em https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=FA116F188700E8B6!608&ithint=file%2cpdf&app=WordPdf&authkey=!AcrrQAFlJ83JGjU Acesso em 15 Abr 2015.

11 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) The container doesn't need to hold any pressure inside itself.
(B) Carbonated beverages containers mustn't present more than six specific characteristics.
(C) It is important that the container withstand impacts.
(D) Carbonated beverages must react with container material in the presence of light.
(E) A trend in the market might lower the price of the final shape of containers.
 

12 – (IME-2015/2016)  

(A) Despite all the pros the aluminum alloy containers present, they're not optically transparent.
(B) Seldom do we see depressions on aluminum alloy beverages containers.
(C) Because carbon dioxide can be diffused, beverages in aluminum alloy containers cool easily.
(D) No matter how dark an aluminum alloy container is, its final price is cheaper when compared to other types of container materials.
(E) Aluminum alloy containers could be easily recycled for they are cooled rapidly.
 

13 – (IME-2015/2016) 

(A) Had carbon dioxide retention been proved possible, plastic bottles wouldn't have been used up to now.
(B) Carbon dioxide retention is not a positive feature glass bottles present.
(C) Due to polymer and ceramic characteristics, containers made of these materials might become lightweight when holding beverages.
(D) Even though ceramic and metal containers are not very cheap, they are light for consumers to carry.
(E) While glass breaks easily, plastic is considered relatively strong.
 

Para as questões de 14 a 16, escolha a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto 3 a seguir (INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA – IME – 2015/2016): 

Xerox and the Icarus Paradox

Schilling, Melissa A.

Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, Mc Graw-Hill International Edition, Fourth Edition

According to Greek mythology, when King Minos imprisoned the crafstman Daedalus and his son Icarus, Daedalus built wings of wax and feathers so that he and his son could fly to their escape. Icarus was so enthralled by his wings and drawn to the light of the sun that despite his father's warning, he flew too high. The sun melted his wings, crashing Icarus to death in the sea. This was the inspiration for the now well-known Icarus Paradox – that which you excel at can ultimately be your undoing. Success can engender overconfidence, carelessness, and an unquestioning adherence to one's way of doing things.

For example, in the 1960s and 1970s, Xerox had such a stranglehold on the photocopier market that it did not pay much attention when new Japanese competition began to infiltrate the market for smaller, inexpensive copiers. Xerox management did not believe competitors would ever be able to produce machines comparable to Xerox's quality and cost. However, Xerox was dangerously wrong. By the mid-1970s, Xerox was losing market share to the Japanese at an alarming rate. When Canon introduced a copier that sold for less than Xerox's manufacturing costs, Xerox knew it was in trouble and had to engage in a major benchmarking and restructuring effort to turn the company around.

14 – (IME-2015/2016)

The synonym for "enthralled"

in "Icarus was so enthralled by his wings (...)" is:

(A) braided
(B) loosened
(C) discharged
(D) captivated
(E) acquitted
 

15 – (IME-2015/2016)

The antonym of "engender" in the sentence:

"Success can engender overconfidence (...)" is:

(A) bring about
(B) trigger
(C) turn in
(D) hinder
(E) kindle
 

16 – (IME-2015/2016)

What Icarus and the Xerox have in common is that

(A) both were advised by someone else about their risky behavior, and neither of them took it seriously.
(B) overconfidence and lack of attention led to negative effects.
(C) benchmarking was the alternative for the company as it would be for the mythological character.
(D) in both cases, the comfort zone would not actually cause any loss.
(E) they had outperformed others in just one aspect when they ventured at something new.
 

Para as questões de 17 a 19, escolha a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto 4 a seguir (INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA – IME – 2015/2016):

Case Study 1: Damage Assessment in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan

In November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan devastated the city of Tacloban in the Philippines. Soon after, a case the size of a backpack arrived, accompanied by a small team of experts. This pilot project to bring in a UAV, with a range of up to five kilometers and a high-resolution video camera, to assist humanitarian responders was the work of a partnership between several private sector firms and NetHope, a consortium of NGOs.

The Philippines lacked the necessary regulations, so the use of the UAV was cleared by a special agreement with the Mayor of Tacloban. The UAV was covered with insurance that covered damage or injury due to malfunction.

The UAV was used first to identify where to set up a base of operations, and then to check if roads were passable, a task that could take days when done on foot or by helicopter. The UAV was also flown up the coast to evaluate damage from storm surge and flooding and to see which villages had been affected. The aerial assessments "really helped to speed up …efforts, cut down on wasted time and work, and make them more accurate in their targeting of assistance." It was also suggested that the UAV might have located survivors in the rubble using infrared cameras if it had arrived within 72 hours.

Interest is building in developing local capacity for using UAVs in disaster response. SkyEye Inc., a local start-up, is working with the Ateneo de Manila University to train five teams across the Philippines to locally deploy UAVs in preparation for next typhoon season.

UAV= unmanned aerial vehicle
NGOs= Non-Governmental Organizations

Disponível em http://www.unocha.org/about-us/publications/flagship-publications/*/72 Acesso

em 15 Abr 2015.

17 – (IME-2015/2016)

(A) The UAV wouldn't have been taken to the Philippines if some NGOs hadn't been the only ones dealing with the United Nations in a partnership.
(B) Since the Asian country didn't have previous rules on the use of UAV, a deal was made with a mayor.
(C) Humanitarian responders couldn't have the help of any type of aerial assessment in this catastrophe occurred in Tacloban.
(D) The equipment was in a container no bigger than a backpack whereas it could evaluate an area larger than 5 kilometers of extension.
(E) The consequences of the typhoon damaged the UAV, so it had to be covered by an insurance.
 

18 – (IME-2015/2016) 

(A) Infrared cameras were essential to save people even after the 72- hour time limit.
(B) Assistance was precisely targeted due to the use of infrared UAV in less than 72 hours after the typhoon.
(C) Some people under the debris were found alive because UAVs with specific technology were used in time.
(D) Humanitarian responders could have cut down on wasted time if UAVs had also been equipped with aerial assessments.
(E) It is believed that had UAVs arrived up to 72 hours after the typhoon, some people wouldn't have died.
 

19 – (IME-2015/2016)

An advantage of using the UAV is that it

(A) can face sudden storm surge and flooding
(B) was cleared due to damage and malfunction.
(C) increases the speed to check if roads are passable.
(D) evaluates damage and risk of time reduction.
(E) helped to make target a helpful assistance in affected villages.
 

Para a questão 20, escolha a oração que completa a lacuna do texto abaixo mantendo o sentido do parágrafo como um todo (INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA – IME – 2015/2016):

"If we lived on a planet where nothing ever changed, there would be little to do. There would be nothing to figure out. There would be no impetus for science. And if we lived in an unpredictable world, where things changed in random or very complex ways, we would not be able to figure things out. __________________. If I throw a stick up in the air, it always falls down. If the sun sets in the west, it always rises again the next morning in the east. And so it becomes possible to figure things out. We can do science, and with it we can improve our lives."

Carl Sagan, http://todayinsci.com/S/Sagan_Carl/SaganCarl-Quotations.htm

Acessado em 14 de Abril de 2015.

20 – (IME-2015/2016) 

(A) Although this, we live in a changing world, where rules created by mother Nature are always followed.
(B) But we live in an in-between universe, where things change according to patterns, rules, or as we call them, laws of nature.
(C) Provided that nothing is deep-seated on Earth, life will always be unalterable. Shifts cannot be accepted so easily.
(D) For this reason, we would not be able to guess the immutable rules that cannot govern Earth as we know it, but as an ideal environment in space.
(E) Consequently, as reality is predictable, we do have the duty of letting people know our discoveries to enhance quicker problem-solving actions.
 

NAS QUESTÕES 21 A 25, ENCONTRAM-SE EM DESTAQUE CINCO TERMOS OU EXPRESSÕES. ASSINALE A ALTERNATIVA CORRESPONDENTE AO TERMO CUJO EMPREGO ESTÁ INCORRETO (INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA – IME – 2015):

21 – (IME-2015/2016)

Ben & Jerry's asked his customers to invent their new varieties of ice cream flavors – the submitters of the best flavors were given a trip to the Dominican Republic to see a sustainable fair trade cocoa farm. LG similarly used crowdsourcing to develop a new mobile phone, for a reward of $20,000.

(A) his
(B) submitters
(C) given
(D) sustainable
(E) for
 

22 – (IME-2015/2016)

At every stage, Mr. Keating, a 26-year-old doctoral student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab, has pushed and prodded to get his medical information, collecting an estimated 70 gigabytes of his own patient data by now. His case points to what medical experts say could be gained if patients have had full and easier access to their medical information. Betterinformed patients, they say, are more likely to take better care of themselves.

(A) has pushed
(B) collecting
(C) what
(D) have had
(E) likely
 

23 – (IME-2015/2016)

As observed in the unique orbits of cosmic dust particles, at small length scales, environmental forces such as solar pressure and the Loretz force can compete with gravity so significantly accelerate a body in space. We propose to employ recent advances in nanofabrication to create a new category of extremely small, low-cost, expendable spacecraft which capitalize on this scaling to enable propellantless propulsion. Such devices could open up new spacecraft mission opportunities, including distributed sensing, scientific research, exploration, and in-orbit inspection of larger satellites.

(A) unique
(B) so
(C) We
(D) scaling
(E) in-orbit
 

24 – (IME-2015/2016)

One of the challenges in lab safety is that the lab setting becomes very familiar to people who work in it day in and day out. "When you do something over and over, your perception of the risk may change even though the risk itself doesn’t change,” says Lawrence M. Gibbs, associate vice provost for EH&S at Stanford. His department tries to use information about incidents to remember researchers not to get too comfortable. In that way, hopefully something positive can come out of Sangji’s death. “It was a tragic, tragic incident,” Gibbs says. “We all have to learn from it and use it as reinforcement to help people understand the potential risks of working with high-hazard materials in this environment.

(A) becomes
(B) itself
(C) remember
(D) not to
(E) working

25 – (IME-2015/2016)

Since visiting the injured military men and women at Headley Court, Mr Simpson established the On Course Foundation, a military charity that supports the recovery of wounded, injured and sick service personal through golf tuition and jobs in the golf industry.
(A) visiting
(B) On
(C) charity
(D) personal
(E) industry 

2ª PARTE DA PROVA(Discursiva): PRODUÇÕES DE TEXTO

TEMA 1

Redija, EM INGLÊS, uma continuação coerente e coesa de 20 a 30 palavras para o fragmento abaixo. Use sua imaginação.

"Climate change is not a far-off problem. It is happening now and is having very real consequences on people’s lives. Climate change is disrupting national economies, costing us dearly today and even more tomorrow. But ..."

TEMA 2

Para o tema abaixo, escreva UM parágrafo EM INGLÊS de 20 a 30 palavras. Use sua imaginação.


Do you agree or disagree with the following statement.

"Technology can help a country's defense capability."

 2ª PARTE DA PROVA(Discursiva): PRODUÇÕES DE TEXTO

TEMA 1

Redija, EM INGLÊS, uma continuação coerente e coesa de 20 a 30 palavras para o 
fragmento abaixo. Use sua imaginação.

"Climate change is not a far-off problem. It is happening now and is having very real consequences on people’s lives. Climate change is disrupting national economies, costing us dearly today and even more tomorrow. But ..."

TEMA 2

Para o tema abaixo, escreva UM parágrafo EM INGLÊS de 20 a 30 palavras. Use sua 
imaginação.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement.

"Technology can help a country's defense capability."

Support your answer.