quarta-feira, 31 de dezembro de 2014

Practice your English comprehension - VALDENOR SOUSA

Hello...Guys! 

1- What is the next letter in this sequence?
(01) You see the sequence that sequence of letters and then there is one letter that should come next.
(02) Which letter do you think?
(04) If you're thinking of a calendar then you probably could guess that the next letter should be the letter D.
(08) So those were the first letters of the months: JANUARY(gên'nhíu-éuri), FEBRUARY(fébíu-éuri), MARCH(mórtch), APRIL(êiprôu), MAY(mêi), JUNE(djûn), JULY(djûlái), AUGUST(Óguistch), SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER(ókTôbôr), NOVEMBER, DECEMBER.
2- What can you catch but you can not throw?

(01) So often you think of catching something like you would catch a ball and you could throw a ball, but what is something else that you can catch and you can't throw?
(02) In this case, I would say think of the word catch, what are some other ways that you can use that? You can use it with some very common phrases, common expressions. I would even say it is a collocation. Collocations are words thar are frequently used together.
(04) In this case, so you could say that somebody can catch this thing, but it is not something that you're gonna just be able to throw back at somebody else or throw in general.
(08) I'm talking about A COLD, you can catch a cold.
(16) Some people put it disease, I think most of the time you're when you talk about this, you talk about catching a cold. If you're talking about the word desease, I would say maybe you're going to use the verb GET, you would maybe get a desease, but you're going to catch a cold because a cold is typically not as serious, it is just something that is a bit annoying frustrating it lasts for a few days and you would tell somebody I caught a cold.
3- A woman and 9 friends are under ONE umbrella.But, nobody gets wet. Why?
(01) So why is it? this is one person, this one woman, she has one umbrella, nine friends are around, nobody gets wet, why is that? Nobody got wet.
(02) I would say that typically the easiest answer in some cases when we're talking about riddles, the easiest answer is often the correct one.
(04) The answer is: because it was not raining!
(08) So this is more just kind of a humorous answer as to why, nobody got wet because it is not raining.
4 - What gets broken without being held?
(01) So how is that? So, we talk about the word broken, and how else could you use that word?
(02) Think about something that you can break but it not something that you can hold your hands.
(04) For example, you can hold a cup, in your hands, and if you drop it you can break a cup, but what do you think
(08) These are some collocations, there are words that are often used together: break a promise, break (one's) silence, break (one's) heart.
(16) You can break a promise, if you don't keep your promise then you break your promise.
(32) You can also break one's silence.
5 - You enter a dark room. There is a candle and a lantern. You only have ONE math. Which one do you light first?
(01) So, you enter this dark room, there's a candle, there's a lantern(Lénthôrn), uhh, you only got only match, which one are you going to light first?
(02) So for this one uhh I'd say if I were to give you a hint uhhh just think about this exact situation. Think about what you are going to do, what is it that you are exactly going to do.
(04) Before you light the candle or before you light the lantern, you're going to have to light the match.
(08) So in this case you're going to light the match first.
6 - What five-letter word become shorter when you add two letters to it?
(01) So, this may sound a little confusing because you're adding two letters to it what five-letter word becomes shorter when you add two letters to it.
(02) Typically again the simplest answer, I want you to read this carefully, I want you to focus on exactly what the question asks.
(04) So the answer is short(Xôrtch).
(08) So we're talking about the word that becomes shorter, it is becoming the word shorter when you add the letters ER.
(16) So, short becomes shorter when you add those two letters.
(32) short + ER = SHORTER.
7 - What goes up but never comes back down?
(01) So, What goes up but never comes back down? What do you think?
(02) Don't think about gravity because when you think about something that you could throw up, throw the water bottle up it comes back down because of gravity. 
(04) So the answer is a person's age.
(08) People can get older, their age goes up, the numbers go up, but it is never going to come back down, unless you are Benjamin Button, and that is a reference to the movie, if you haven't seen the movie you could check it out and then you'll know what I'm talking about but your age goes up and never comes back down.
8 - What has a neck but no head?
(01) So, what is something that has a neck but it does not have a head?
(02) So the answer is a bottle.
(04) A bottle has a neck but it has no head.
9 - What begins with T, finishes with T and has tea in it?
(01) So, it begins with T, like the letter T, finishes with T and it has T in it
(02) So the answer is Teapot.
(04) A teapot, it begins with T, it ends with T, and of course you put TEA in a teapot.
10 - There are 30 cows in a field and 28 chickens, how many didn't?
(01) So, homonyms, words that have maybe the same pronunciation but perhaps they are spelled differently and have a different mening.
(02) 28=20ate, the number 20(thuêni) and then the verb ATE(êitch).
(04) So of course a cow is not going to eat a chicken, but again, this is just a riddle.
(08) So 20 of the cows ate chickens and 10 cows did not eat chickens.
(16) The answer is ten.  

PUC/Rio-2005 – VESTIBULAR – PROVA DISCURSIVA – RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• PUC/RIO-2005-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS-DISCURSIVA-07/11/2004.

www.puc-rio.br/vestibular
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 3 Questions.
 Text – | The new rome meets the new barbarians | The Economist |

 TEXTO:

THE NEW ROME MEETS THE NEW BARBARIANS

The United States is likely to be the world’s top power for many years. This brings challenges that it shouldnot try to face alone, writes Joseph Nye, dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The United States is so dominant that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Only a decade ago the conventional wisdom lamented an America in decline. Bestseller lists featured books that described America’s fall. That view was wrong at the time and in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of American power. But the new conventional wisdom that America is invincible is equally dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and parochialism.

A number of adherents of “realist” theory have also expressed concern about America’s staying-power. Throughout history, coalitions of countries have arisen to balance dominant powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challenges is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even if China maintains high growth rates of 6% while the United States achieves only 2%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the century.

Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the Unites States for primacy. But his forecast depends on a high degree of European political unity, and a low state of transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the levelling of power of the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignoring deeper changes in the distribution and nature of power in the contemporary world.

At first glance, the disparity between American power and that of the rest of the world looks overwhelming. In terms of military power, the United States is the only country with both nuclear weapons and conventional forces with global reach. In economic size, America’s 31% share of world product is equal to the next four countries combined (Japan, Germany, Britain and France). In terms of cultural prominence, the United States is far and away the number-one film and television exporter in the world. It also attracts the most foreign students each year to its colleges and universities.

The real challenges to American power are coming on cat’s feet in the night and, ironically, the temptation to unilateralism may ultimately weaken the United States. The contemporary information revolution and the globalisation that goes with it are transforming and shrinking the world. At the beginning of this new century, these two forces have combined to increase the American power. But, with time, technology will spread to other countries and peoples, and America’s relative pre-eminence will diminish.

For example, today the American twentieth of the global population represents more than half the Internet. In a decade or two, Chinese will probably be the dominant language of the Internet. It will not dethrone English as a lingua franca, but at some point in the future the Asian cyber-community and economy will loom larger than the American.

Technology has been diffusing power away from government, and empowering individuals and groups to play roles in world politics – including wreaking massive destruction – which were once reserved to governments. Privatisation has been increasing and terrorism is the privatisation of war. Globalisation is shrinking distance, and events in faraway places, like Afghanistan, can have a great impact on American lives.

The problem for Americans in the 21st century is that more and more things fall outside the control of even the most powerful state. Under the influence of the information revolution and globalisation, world politics is changing in a way that means Americans cannot achieve all their international goals by acting alone. For example, international financial stability is vital to the prosperity of American, but the United States needs the co-operation of others to ensure it. Global climate change too will affect American’s quality of life, but the United States cannot manage the problem alone. And in a world where borders are becoming more porous to everything from drugs to infectious diseases to terrorism, Americans must mobilise international coalitions to address shared threats and challenges.

Some Americans are tempted to believe that the United States could reduce its vulnerability if it withdrew troops, curtailed alliances and followed a more isolationist foreign policy. But isolationism would not remove the vulnerability. Even if the United States had a weaker foreign policy, terrorists would resent the power of the American economy, which would still reach well beyond its shores. American corporations and citizens represent global capitalism, which some see as anathema.

Rome succumbed not to the rise of a new empire, but to internal decay and a death of a thousand cuts from various barbarians groups. While internal decay is always possible, nothing points strongly in that direction at that time. Moreover, to the extent it pays attention, the American public is often realistic about the limits of their country’s power. Nearly two-thirds of those polled oppose, in principle, the United States acting alone overseas without the support of other countries.

On the other hand, it is harder to exclude the barbarians. The dramatically decreased cost of communication, the rise of transnational domains (including the Internet) that cut across borders, and the “democratisation” of technology that puts massive destructive power into the hands of groups and individuals, all suggest dimensions that are historically new.

Since this is so, homeland defence takes on a new importance and a new meaning. If small groups or even individuals to inflict massive damage were to obtain nuclear materials and produce a series of events involving great destruction or great disruption of society, American attitudes might change dramatically, though the direction of the change is difficult to predict. Faced with such a threat, a certain degree of unilateral action is justified if it brings global benefits.

The United States is well placed to remain the leading power in world politics well into the 21st century. This prognosis depends upon assumptions that can be spelled out. It assumes that the American economy and society will remain robust and not decay; that the United States will maintain its military strength, but not become over-militarised; that Americans will not become so unilateral and arrogant in their strength that they squander the nation’s considerable fund of soft power; that there will not be some catastrophic series of events that profoundly transforms American attitudes in an isolationist direction; and that Americans will define their national interest in a broad and far-sighted way that incorporates global interests. Each of these assumptions can be questioned, but they currently seem more plausible than their alternatives.

If the assumptions hold, America will remain number one. But number one “ain’t gonna be what it used to be”. The information revolution, technological change and globalisation will not replace the nation-state but will continue to complicate the actors and issues in the world politics. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age.

Adapted from The Economist print edition March 23rd 2002 / WASHINGTON, DC

01 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-DISCURSIVA- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)

Porque o autor considera os EUA a nação mais poderosa da História desde Roma Antiga?

O autor observa que o poder americano é tão dominante que à primeira vista pode até parecer esmagador. Em termos de poderio militar, os Estados Unidos são a única nação do mundo que dispõe de armas nucleares e de armas convencionais de alcance mundial; a participação econômica americana, na ordem de 31% do produto mundial, equivale à participação conjunta dos quatro países que o sucedem (Alemanha, França, Grã-Bretanha e Japão). Mesmo se comparada à China, cujo crescimento tem alcançado 6% ao ano, enquanto o crescimento americano tem se mantido em 2% ao ano, a renda per capita americana só deverá ser igualada pela chinesa na segunda metade deste século. Em termos culturais, as instituições de ensino americanas atraem anualmente o maior número de estudantes vindos de outros países, ao mesmo tempo em que o país permanece como o maior exportador da indústria cinematográfica e televisiva. A propósito, estas duas forças combinadas, a difusão da informação e a conseqüente globalização, que tanto concorrem para transformar e reduzir as dimensões do mundo atual, foram fundamentais para o crescimento do poder americano no início deste século, haja vista a participação americana que na Internet representa metade da população virtual, apesar de comparecer com apenas vinte por cento da população mundial.

02 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-DISCURSIVA- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)

Segundo o texto, quais os fatores que desafiam e ameaçam o poder americano?

Como qualquer nação dominante ao longo da história, os Estados Unidos enfrentam o desafio e as ameaças de outros países que tentam neutralizar seu poder. Há quem veja a China como o maior inimigo potencial dos Estados Unidos. Outros prevêem a ameaça de uma coalizão da Rússia, China e Índia. Outros ainda prevêem a União Européia como uma federação a desafiar a superioridade americana. Contudo, os maiores desafios a serem enfrentados pelos Estados Unidos podem advir da tentação de adoção de uma política externa baseada em unilateralismo, arrogância e paroquialismo.

Certamente, a língua chinesa não chegará a desbancar o inglês como a língua internacional, mas comunidades virtuais e econômicas asiáticas começam a assomar no horizonte.

A tecnologia e o fácil acesso à comunicação, que tanto contribuíram para o crescimento do poder americano, começam a se difundir por outros países permitindo que o poder de destruição em massa, antes exclusivamente nas mãos de governos, esteja ao alcance de indivíduos e grupos. A privatização da guerra, representada pelo terrorismo internacional, compromete a liderança americana. O autor ressalta ainda que a adoção de uma política isolacionista não reduz a vulnerabilidade da nação americana, cuja economia, aos olhos dos terroristas, continua a representar o capitalismo mundial.

A globalização e a revolução da informação têm influenciado de tal modo a política mundial que os Estados Unidos não têm mais condições, agindo sozinhos, de alcançarem todos seus objetivos internacionais.

As transformações climáticas, o comércio internacional de drogas, o combate a doenças infecciosas e o terrorismo são apenas algumas das questões cujas soluções dependem da disposição americana de mobilizar coalizões internacionais. Neste novo momento histórico é essencial que não sejam ignoradas as mudanças na distribuição e na natureza do poder no mundo contemporâneo.

03 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-DISCURSIVA- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)

Segundo o autor, quais são as condições necessárias para que os EUA mantenham sua liderança no cenário mundial?

Para que os Estados Unidos, a maior potência mundial desde Roma Antiga, mantenham sua posição de liderança, Joseph Nye preconiza que sua economia deve permanecer forte e sem quedas; que seu poderio militar deve ser mantido sem que para isso o país se torne um estado excessivamente militarizado; que não deve ser adotada uma posição tão unilateral e arrogante que comprometa seu considerável capital cultural e, por fim, que não haja uma série de eventos catastróficos que transformem tão profundamente o comportamento americano a ponto de isolar o país do resto do mundo.

A informação globalizada e as mudanças tecnológicas continuarão como agentes complicadores da política mundial. Mesmo que os Estados Unidos consigam atender às condições necessárias apontadas pelo autor para manter sua liderança, o poder no século 21 será diferente em sua natureza e distribuição.

[1] Calvin and Hobbes Comics - Calvin and Hobbes' shenanigans - valdenorenglish@gmail.com

Welcome back to another post!

NESTE POST 10 Calvin and Hobbes Comics.

• (A) PRINCIPAIS PERSONAGENS:
1) Calvin é um menino de seis anos que vive diversas aventuras e não perde uma chance de se aventurar com sua própria imaginação. Assim como a maioria dos alunos, Calvin detesta dever de casa. Possui uma sabedoria além de sua pouca idade, o que pode ser observado quando ele argumenta e discute o seu ponto de vista sobre determinados assuntos.

2) Hobbes é o tigre de pelúcia e maior parceiro e melhor amigo de Calvin.

3) Mãe e pai de Calvin nunca recebem um nome na série.

4) Susie: vizinha e colega da escola de Calvin, aparentemente destinada a ter uma eterna relação de amor-ódio com ele.

5) Miss Wormwood: é a professora de Calvin, que costuma gritar com ele para ele prestar mais atenção na aula;

6) Rosalyn: é chamada por Calvin como a "terrível" babá, que é a única da cidade disposta a fazer o serviço de cuidar dele.

7) Moe: garoto que faz bullying com Calvin.

• (B) CALVIN AND HOBBES COMICS [1]:
• 1- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 2- 
Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 3- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 4- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 5- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 6- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 7- 
Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:


• 8- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:

• 9- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:


• 10- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
.

[2] Calvin and Hobbes Comics - Calvin and Hobbes' shenanigans - valdenorenglish@gmail.com

Hello you guys!!!...How have you been?!

Welcome back to another post!

NESTE POST 10 Calvin and Hobbes Comics.

• (A) PRINCIPAIS PERSONAGENS:
1) Calvin é um menino de seis anos que vive diversas aventuras e não perde uma chance de se aventurar com sua própria imaginação. Assim como a maioria dos alunos, Calvin detesta dever de casa. Possui uma sabedoria além de sua pouca idade, o que pode ser observado quando ele argumenta e discute o seu ponto de vista sobre determinados assuntos.

2) Hobbes é o tigre de pelúcia e maior parceiro e melhor amigo de Calvin.

3) Mãe e pai de Calvin nunca recebem um nome na série.

4) Susie: vizinha e colega da escola de Calvin, aparentemente destinada a ter uma eterna relação de amor-ódio com ele.

5) Miss Wormwood: é a professora de Calvin, que costuma gritar com ele para ele prestar mais atenção na aula;

6) Rosalyn: é chamada por Calvin como a "terrível" babá, que é a única da cidade disposta a fazer o serviço de cuidar dele.

7) Moe: garoto que faz bullying com Calvin.

• (B) CALVIN AND HOBBES COMICS [2]:
• 1- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
.
• 2- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
.
• 3- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
.
• 4- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
.
• 5- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
.
• 6- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
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• 7- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
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• 8- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
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• 9- Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
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• 10 - Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson:
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UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-2ªFASE-PROVA DISCURSIVA-LÍNGUA INGLESA-UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-2ªFASE-PROVA DISCURSIVA. Aplicada em 20/12/2010.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADORVUNESP - Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista - www.vunesp.com.br, https://www2.unesp.br/

PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVAIt consists of 04 questions.

 PROVA:

 TEXT 1Leia o texto para responder as questões de números 01 e 02.

I Have a Dream - Address at March on Washington
Martin Luther King
August 28, 1963. Washington, D.C.

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be selfevident: that all men are created equal.”

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor’s lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

(http://www.mlkonline.net/dream.html. Adaptado.)

01 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Existem no texto dois trechos que indicam claramente as ideias de que todos os seres humanos têm direitos iguais, e que, futuramente, não haverá distinção entre o que as pessoas poderão realizar. Transcreva, em sua resposta, esses dois trechos em inglês e aponte, em português, duas coisas que as pessoas poderão realizar juntas.

02 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Explique, em português, na conotação do texto e de acordo com a mensagem expressa no discurso de Martin Luther King, a oposição entre os termos a desert state e an oasis (4.º parágrafo)

 TEXT 2: Trecho de uma entrevista com Omen, um conhecido grafiteiro residente da cidade de Montreal, no Canadá.

Interviewer: Who are you and what are you doing later today?

Omen: Erm… I write OMEN and I don’t know what I am going to do today. The weather seems to be my only enemy these days.

Interviewer: When’s the last time you painted?

Omen: I painted the other day at a school in Point St-Charles. Options 2 it’s called. It’s a school for children that need special guidance. Their lives have been messed up by drugs and guns and all that stuff. I was there to show them fundamentals of Graff like can control and what tips to use. It was pretty cool.

Interviewer: What’s your favorite medium?

Omen: Well, to paint with? I love aerosol. Love it. There is nothing more demanding and yet forgiving as far as mediums. The dry time, the size, the variety, the randomness, it’s all gold. I mean you can bust a huge piece and then say, “nahhh.” and take it out in less than a minute and start again cuz it will already be dry. A real medium of the future.

Interviewer: What do you think is the importance of architecture in everyday life and does graffiti influence architecture in any way?

Omen: Architecture is an awesome field of study and it greatly influenced my life for many years. The reality of it is that it is an insulated discussion between architect and city and/or Private developer. The public rarely has a say in matters. This is unfortunate because it is the public that will be forced to look at the unchanging design of an architect for the duration of our lifetimes and if it is unappealing one; then that is a real tragedy.

(www.yveslaroche.com/en/news. Adaptado.)

03 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Que tipo de escola Omen declarou na entrevista que grafitou recentemente e o que ele relatou sobre os alunos dessa escola?

04 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Na entrevista, Omen admite que a arquitetura influenciou sua vida, e aponta três problemas da arquitetura. Explicite dois desses problemas por ele apontados.

UNESP – 2010 – VESTIBULAR – 2º SEMESTRE – DISCURSIVA – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAUNESP-2010-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA-05/07/2010.
 ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ Text – Human values and the design of computer technology – http://books.google.com.br
 4 Questions.

➧ TEXT: Leia o texto Human values and the design of computer technology para responder as questões de números 01 a 04, em português.

Human values and the design of computer technology

Batya Friedman

Introduction

Many of us when we design and implement computer technologies focus on making a machine work – reliably, efficiently and correctly. Rarely do we focus on human values. Perhaps we believe in value-neutral technology. Perhaps we believe that issues of value belong only to social scientists, philosophers, or policy makers. __________ In their work, system designers necessarily impart moral and social values. Yet how? What values? Whose values? For if human values – such as freedom of speech, rights to property, accountability, privacy, and autonomy – are controversial, then on what basis do some values override others in the design of, say, hardware, algorithms, and databases? Moreover, how can designers working within a corporate structure and with a mandate to generate revenue bring value-sensitive design into the workplace?

Does technology have values?

Does technology have values? ________ About four decades ago, snowmobiles were introduced into the Inuit communities of the Arctic, and have now largely replaced travel by dog sleds. This technological innovation thereby altered not only patterns of transportation, but symbols of social status, and moved the Inuit toward a dependence on a money economy. Now a computer example. Electronic mail rarely displays the sender’s status. Is the sender a curious lay person, system analyst, full professor, journalist, assistant professor, entry level programmer, senior scientist, high school student? Who knows until the e-mail is read, and maybe not even then. This design feature (and associated conventions) has thereby played a significant role in allowing electronic communication to cross traditional hierarchical boundaries and to contribute to the restructuring of organizations. The point is this: In various ways, technological innovations do not stand apart from human values. But, still, what would it mean to say that technology has values?

In terms of computer system design, we are not so privileged as to determine rigidly the values that will emerge from the systems we design. But neither can we abdicate responsibility.

(http://books.google.com.br. Adaptado.

01 – (UNESP-2010-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

Segundo o texto, ao planejar e implementar tecnologias computacionais, consideramos os valores humanos? Por quê?

03 – (UNESP-2010-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

Quais valores humanos são apontados no primeiro parágrafo do texto?

03 – (UNESP-2010-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

Dos cinco enunciados apresentados, indique dois que completam adequada e respectivamente as duas lacunas indicadas no texto:
(1) The three arguments may be correct.
(2) Let us consider two examples.
(3) Moral and social values are not important.
(4) Neither belief is correct.
(5) One example is enough to illustrate my point

04 – (UNESP-2010-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

A autora acredita que inovações tecnológicas possam ocorrer sem se considerar os valores humanos? Se sim, qual trecho do texto essa postura da autora torna-se explícita?

ESAF-2010-MPOG-Analista de Planejamento e Orçamento - Concurso Público do Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão(MPOG) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito.

Hey guys, how's it going?
Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-ESAF-2010-Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão(MPOG)-Analista de Planejamento e Orçamento(APO)-Prova(comum as duas áreas) aplicada em 27/02/2010(Sábado).

[a]Banca/Organizador 
 www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br.
[b]Padrão/Composição da PROVA
➦03 Textos .
➦10 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E)
👉  Texto 1   "The Ascent of Money"(A Ascensão do Dinheiro) 
 Fonte: http://www.niallferguson.com 

👉  Texto 2   "Trucks, Trains and Trees"(Caminhões, trens e árvores) 
 Fonte: The New York Times - November 11, 2009 

👉  Texto 3   "Buy Into Brazil"(Compre no Brasil) 
 Fonte: http://www.forbes.com 

Text 1
Source:http://www.niallferguson.com/site/FERG/Templates/General. aspx?pageid=194
The Ascent of Money
Synopsis

          Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot: Call it what you like, it matters. To Christians, love of it is the root of all evil. To generals, it’s the sinews of war. To revolutionaries, it’s the chains of labour. But in The Ascent of Money, Niall Ferguson shows that fi nance is in fact the foundation of human progress. What’s more, he reveals fi nancial history as the essential back-story behind all history. The evolution of credit and debt was as important as any technological innovation in the rise of civilization, from ancient Babylon to the silver mines of Bolivia. Banks provided the material basis for the splendours of the Italian Renaissance, while the bond market was the decisive factor in confl icts from the Seven Years’ War to the American Civil War.
          With the clarity and verve for which he is famed, Niall Ferguson explains why the origins of the French Revolution lie in a stock market bubble caused by a convicted Scots murderer. He shows how fi nancial failure turned Argentina from the world’s sixth richest country into an infl ation-ridden basket case – and how a fi nancial revolution is propelling the world’s most populous country from poverty to power in a single generation.
          Yet the most important lesson of the world’s fi nancial history is that sooner or later every bubble bursts – sooner or later the bearish sellers outnumber the bullish buyers – sooner or later greed fl ips into fear. And that’s why, whether you’re scraping by or rolling in it, there’s never been a better time to understand the ascent of money.
👉  Questão   21 
This text  could best be characterized as
(a) the abstract of a doctoral dissertation.
(b) a detailed review  of a book on economics.
(c) a defense of  money for publication in the popular press.
(d) publicity summarizing a recently-published book.
(e) a psychological explanation of the power of money.
Gabarito (d).

]👉  Questão   22 
The five words that open the text [Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot]  in paragraph 1 line 1 are
(a) economic jargon for the proceeds of human labour.
(b) synonyms for money in colloquial usage.
(c) alternative expressions meaning profi t.
(d) everyday words for things money can buy.
(e) indications of the evil referred to in the next line.
Gabarito (b).

👉  Questão   23 
The pronoun ‘it’ in paragraph 3 line 5 refers to
(a) fear
(b) greed
(c) bubble
(d) scraping
(e) money
Gabarito (e).

👉  Questão   24 
The writer of the book attempts to prove  that money is
(a) a serious cause of harm.
(b) a vital resource in times of war.
(c) essentially a question of surface bubbles.
(d) at the root of all human advanced.
(e) usually an expendable asset.
Gabarito (d).

Text 2

Source: The New York Times    November 11, 2009  [slightly adapted]
Trucks, Trains and Trees
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN

           No matter how many times you hear them, there are some statistics that just bowl you over. The one that always stuns me is this: Imagine if you took all the cars, trucks, planes, trains and ships in the world and added up their exhaust every year. The amount of carbon dioxide, or CO2, all those cars, trucks, planes, trains and ships collectively emit into the atmosphere is actually less than the carbon emissions every year that result from the chopping down and clearing of tropical forests in places like Brazil, Indonesia and the Congo. We are now losing a tropical forest the size of New York State every year, and the carbon that releases into the atmosphere now accounts for roughly 17 percent of all global emissions contributing to climate change. […]
          "You need a new model of economic development — one that is based on raising people’s standards of living by maintaining their natural capital, not just by converting that natural capital to ranching or industrial farming or logging,” said José María Silva, a conservation expert. Right now people protecting the rainforest are paid a pittance — compared with those who strip it — even though we now know that the rainforest provides everything from keeping CO2 out of the atmosphere to maintaining the flow of freshwater into rivers.
          The good news is that Brazil has put in place all the elements of a system to compensate its forest-dwellers for maintaining the forests. Brazil has already set aside 43 percent of the Amazon rainforest for conservation and for indigenous peoples. Another 19 percent of the Amazon, though, has already been deforested by farmers and ranchers.
👉  Questão   25 
The main message of the fi rst paragraph is that
(a) deforestation is less damaging to the environment than was traditionally believed.
(b) vehicles driven by standard fuels are responsible for 17% of all CO2 emissions.
(c) the statistics surrounding forest clearance are grossly exaggerated.
(d) it is time to limit the CO2 emissions from the world’s fleet of cars and trucks.
(e) forest clearance causes more CO2 emissions than all the world’s vehicles together.
Gabarito (e).

👉  Questão   26 
The new model of economic development advocated in the text involves
(a) offering adequate fi nancial reward to those who preserve the forest.

(b) raising people’s living standards through squandering natural capital.
(c) putting a ban on  large-scale cattle farming, planting and wood extraction.
(d) making farmers pay for the fl ow of freshwater they use in the Amazon.
(e) paying small sums of money to inhabitants who can keep trees standing.
Gabarito (a).

👉  Questão   27 
The writer's view of Brazilian action shows
(a) sharp criticism of Brazil’s failure to curb deforestation. b) mixture of praise for new policies and regret for past destruction.
(c) unqualified praise for Brazil’s far-sightedness.
(d) a 43% approval rating for government policy for the region.
(e) a 19% disapproval rating for farming and ranching in the Amazon.

Gabarito (b).

Text 3
Source: http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/12/brazil-etf-emerging-intelligentinvesting-markets.html
Buy Into Brazil
David Serchuk  [For bes Magazine]
There’s a lot to like about South America’s biggest economy. Hosting the Olympics and World Cup doesn’t hurt either.

          Suddenly everyone is talking about Brazil. This makes sense considering that the colossus of South America out-hustled President Obama and his hometown of Chicago to land the 2016 Olympics. It has also benefi ted by being the “B” part of the BRIC group of emerging nations, in addition to Russia, India and China. It’s an emerging power that some investors have just learned about, though the pros have been hip to it for some time.
          From 2003 through 2007, Brazil ran record trade surpluses, and its gross domestic product, at $1.99 trillion, is the 10th largest in the world. It has large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors, and its economy is bigger than all other nations in South America combined. Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets and, as we have seen, the world’s playing fi elds.
          There are also some signifi cant drawbacks to Brazil. Despite its potent GDP, rampant income inequality means that its per capita wealth is 102nd in the world, slightly behind the global average and noted powerhouse Serbia. Brazil’s richest 10% reaps 43% of its wealth; in the U.S. that number is 30%. Brazil’s bottom 10% earns a minuscule 1.1%. Still, there is a lot to like here, and our industry observers are ready to buy.
👉  Questão   28 
The writer’s attitude to investment in Brazil is
(a) out and out enthusiasm for the country’s prospects.
(b) reluctant  dismissal of Brazil’s potential.

(c) encouragement with minor reservations.
(d) unmitigated acclaim for the world’s 10th largest economy.
(e) deliberate analysis of various pitfalls for investors.
Gabarito (c).

👉  Questão   29 
Paragraph 1 of the text refers to Brazil’s hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games as
(a) one in the eye for US investors looking for good prospects.
(b) a Brazilian victory in long-standing bitter economic rivalry with the USA.
(c) an example of unfair practices in Brazilian commercial behavior.
(d) an explanation of why Brazil is a new focus of attention.
(e) a good reason to invest in Brazil for quick investment profits.
Gabarito (d)

👉  Questão   30 
Calling Brazil “the “B” part of the BRIC group of emerging nations” [paragraph 1 line 4], indicates that
(a) compared to Russia, India and China, Brazil's growth is second-rate.
(b) the acronym BRIC contains an explicit reference to Brazil.
(c) Brazil’s economy is till only grade B  for investors.
(d) Brazil lags behind the A-rated industrialized countries.
(e) emerging nations are now only slightly behind developed countries.
Gabarito (b)