CESGRANRIO/2015 – PETROBRAS – SUPERIOR (todos os cargos) – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS – SUPERIOR (todos os cargos)-08/03/2015.

cesgranrio.org.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Texto – | Natural gas waits for its moment | nytimes.com |

❑ TEXTO:

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:

Natural gas waits for its moment

O gás natural espera pelo seu momento

Paul Stenquist

Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next? Carros e caminhões movidos a gás natural constituem uma parcela significativa da frota de veículos em muitas partes do mundo. O Irã tem mais de dois milhões de veículos a gás natural nas estradas. Em 2009, a Argentina tinha mais de 1,8 milhão em operação e quase 2.000 postos de abastecimento de gás natural. O Brasil não ficou muito atrás. A Itália e a Alemanha possuem frotas substanciais de veículos a gás natural. A América é a próxima?
       
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase, perhaps substantially. Com o gás natural em oferta abundante e a preços reduzidos nos Estados Unidos, as questões que limitaram a sua utilização nos automóveis estão a ser repensadas e a sua quota de mercado poderá aumentar, talvez substancialmente
       
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels. De acordo com as informações de preços do Departamento de Energia de julho, o gás natural oferece vantagens econômicas em relação à gasolina e ao diesel. Se um veículo com motor a gasolina pode percorrer 40 milhas com um galão, o mesmo veículo movido a gás natural comprimido pode fazê-lo por cerca de US$ 1,50 a menos aos preços de hoje. A essa economia somam-se custos de manutenção mais baixos. Um estudo realizado em táxis da cidade de Nova Iorque que funcionam com gás natural descobriu que as mudanças de óleo não precisam de ser tão frequentes devido à queima limpa do combustível e que as peças do sistema de escape duram mais porque o gás natural é menos corrosivo do que outros combustíveis.
       
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles. Atualmente, esses benefícios econômicos são anulados pelo custo inicial de um veículo a gás natural – 20 a 30 por cento mais do que um veículo comparável com motor a gasolina. Mas se a produção aumentasse significativamente, as economias de escala reduziriam os preços. Numa entrevista por telefone, Jon Coleman, gestor de sustentabilidade de frota da Ford Motor Company, disse que, com volume suficiente, o preço de venda dos veículos a gás natural poderia ser comparável ao dos veículos convencionais.
       
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere. Podem passar anos até que os benefícios econômicos dos veículos a gás natural possam ser percebidos, mas os benefícios ambientais parecem ser imediatos. De acordo com o site do Departamento de Energia, os veículos a gás natural têm pegadas de carbono menores do que os automóveis a gasolina ou diesel, mesmo tendo em conta o processo de produção de gás natural, que liberta metano rico em carbono na atmosfera.
       
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice. O governo dos Estados Unidos parece favorecer o gás natural como combustível para veículos motorizados. Para promover a produção de veículos com menos emissões de carbono, permitiu que os fabricantes de automóveis contassem certos tipos de veículos mais de uma vez ao calcular a sua economia média de combustível corporativa, sob regulamentos que exigem uma frota média de 54,5 milhas por galão até 2025. Híbridos plug-in e os veículos a gás natural podem ser contados 1,6 vezes de acordo com os padrões CAFE, e os veículos elétricos podem ser contados duas vezes.
       
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded. A adaptação do gás natural como combustível veicular apresenta desafios de engenharia. Embora o combustível queime limpo, ele tem menos densidade energética do que a gasolina; portanto, se for queimado em um motor projetado para funcionar com combustível convencional, o desempenho e a eficiência serão degradados.
       
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline can be nullified.[...] Mas como o gás natural tem uma octanagem de 130, em comparação com 93 para a melhor gasolina, um motor concebido para ele pode funcionar com uma pressão de cilindro muito elevada, o que faria com que um motor a gasolina normal batesse devido à ignição prematura. Mais pressão no cilindro produz mais potência e, portanto, a vantagem da densidade energética da gasolina pode ser anulada.[...]
       
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that network to refueling equipment is not difficult. Até que os tanques de combustível pressurizados dos veículos a gás natural possam ser reabastecidos de forma fácil e rápida, a frota não poderá crescer substancialmente. O número de estações comerciais de reabastecimento de gás natural comprimido tem aumentado a uma taxa de 16% ao ano, afirma o Departamento de Energia. E, embora o total ainda seja pequeno, os avanços nos equipamentos de reabastecimento deverão aumentar o ritmo de expansão. Grande parte da infra-estrutura já está instalada: a América tem milhões de quilômetros de gasodutos de gás natural. Conectar essa rede ao equipamento de reabastecimento não é difícil.
       
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Some compressed natural gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000. Embora sejam necessários postos de abastecimento comerciais para apoiar uma frota substancial de veículos a gás natural, o reabastecimento doméstico pode ser a solução mágica que torna os veículos práticos. Os veículos elétricos dependem em grande parte do carregamento doméstico e a maioria tem menos de metade da autonomia de um veículo totalmente abastecido a gás natural. Alguns produtos de reabastecimento doméstico de gás natural comprimido estão disponíveis, mas podem custar até US$ 5.000.
       
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment. [...] Procurando mudar esta situação, o Departamento de Energia concedeu subvenções a uma série de empresas num esforço para desenvolver equipamento de reabastecimento doméstico acessível. [...]

O gás natural espera pelo seu momento

 

       

Embora sejam necessários postos de abastecimento comerciais para apoiar uma frota substancial de veículos a gás natural, o reabastecimento doméstico pode ser a solução mágica que torna os veículos práticos. Os veículos elétricos dependem em grande parte do carregamento doméstico e a maioria tem menos de metade da autonomia de um veículo totalmente abastecido a gás natural. Alguns produtos de reabastecimento doméstico de gás natural comprimido estão disponíveis, mas podem custar até US$ 5.000.

       

Procurando mudar esta situação, o Departamento de Energia concedeu subvenções a uma série de empresas num esforço para desenvolver equipamento de reabastecimento doméstico acessível. [...]

Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.

11 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR) 

(A) defend the use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel.

(B) compare the use of natural gas vehicles in different countries.

(C) establish the technical aspects of the use of natural gas vehicles.

(D) analyze the immediate economic advantages of natural gas vehicles.

(E) highlight environmental protection advantages of natural gas vehicles in the long run.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

12 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR) 

In the statement “As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations” (lines 4-6), the expression as of  means:

(A) In 2009
(B) Since 2009
(C) Around 2009
(D) Before 2009
(E) Comparing to 2009

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

13 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

According to the paragraph limited by lines 13-24 in the text, one can infer that

(A) gasoline is as expensive as diesel in New York City.
(B) a car running on natural gas will pay $1.50 on one gallon of the fuel.
(C) every car running on natural gas will afford to save $3.00 on a 60-mile drive.
(D) the cost of oil changes can improve savings in natural gas-fueled vehicles.
(E) natural gas cannot be associated with corrosion in car’s exhaust-system parts.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo limitado pelas linhas 13 a 24 do texto, pode-se inferir que

(A) gasoline is as expensive as diesel in New York City. a gasolina é tão cara quanto o diesel na cidade de Nova York.
(B) a car running on natural gas will pay $1.50 on one gallon of the fuel. um carro movido a gás natural pagará US$ 1,50 por um galão de combustível.
(C) every car running on natural gas will afford to save $3.00 on a 60-mile drive. cada carro movido a gás natural economizará US$ 3,00 em uma viagem de 60 milhas.
(D) the cost of oil changes can improve savings in natural gas-fueled vehicles. o custo das trocas de óleo pode melhorar a economia em veículos movidos a gás natural.
(E) natural gas cannot be associated with corrosion in car’s exhaust-system parts. o gás natural não pode estar associado à corrosão nas peças do sistema de escapamento dos automóveis.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels." 

•  Um estudo realizado em táxis da cidade de Nova Iorque que funcionam com gás natural descobriu que as mudanças de óleo não precisam de ser tão frequentes devido à queima limpa do combustível e que as peças do sistema de escape duram mais porque o gás natural é menos corrosivo do que outros combustíveis.

➭ VOCABULÁRIO & FONÉTICA (International Phonetic Alphabet): 

14 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

The sentence of the text “But were production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down” (lines 28-29) has the same meaning as:

(A) Economies of scale would reduce production and prices significantly.
(B) Economies of scale would be one of the conditions for the decrease of prices.
(C) Production would increase unless economies of scale brought prices down.
(D) Production would increase significantly if economies of scale didn’t bring the prices down.
(E) Prices would not go down although the production increased.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

15 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

In the 5th paragraph, limited by lines 35-42 in the text, the author defends the idea that

(A) economic and environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are both immediate results of smaller footprints than those of gasoline or diesel automobiles.
(B) economic benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as considerable as the environmental benefits because of the cost of the natural gas production process.
(C) natural gas vehicles produce smaller footprints than those of gasoline or diesel automobiles because they bring more environmental benefits.
(D) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are remarkable despite the carbon-rich methane released into the atmosphere in the production process.
(E) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as considerable as the economic benefits because of the cost of the carbon-rich methane released into the atmosphere in the production process.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

16 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

The modal verb may in the fragment of the text “It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized” (lines 35-36) is associated with the idea of

(A) permission
(B) obligation
(C) certainty
(D) inference
(E) probability

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

17 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

According to the 6th paragraph in the text (lines 43-52), one of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy goals for the fleet in the United States is average 54.5 miles per gallon

(A) in 2025
(B) prior 2025
(C) around 2025
(D) sometime before 2025
(E) not later than 2025

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

18 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

The personal pronoun it in “so if it is burned in an engine designed to run on conventional fuel” (lines 55-56) refers to

(A) natural gas
(B) degrading fuel
(C) unconventional fuel
(D) 93-octane rating fuel
(E) more energy-dense fuel

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

19 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

According to the 9th paragraph in the text (lines 65-75), refueling stations in the United States

(A) should go through an increase at their rate of expansion.
(B) require pipeline infrastructure that has been growing 16% every year.
(C) do not rely on infrastructure available for their expansion.
(D) cannot grow substantially because of miles of natural gas pipeline.
(E) cannot be expanded through the country because of their potential damage against nature.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

20 – (CESGRANRIO-2015-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)

In the sentence of the text

“Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the vehicles practical” (lines 76-79),

the word although implies facts that are

(A) simultaneous
(B) sequential
(C) alternate
(D) opposing
(E) proportional

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

CONSULTEC – 2011 – CFOPM/BA – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICOS – CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS POLICIAIS MILITARES DA BAHIA – GABARITO COMENTADO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA-OFICIAL DA POLÍCIA MILITAR.

http://www.consultec.com.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 15 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – New law targets fast-food toys | www.bbc.co.uk |

➭ Text (2) – London's Olympic Park is nearly finished | www.bbc.co.uk |

➭ Text (3) – Flipper tags may damage penguins | www.bbc.co.uk |

➭ Text (4) – | www.refresher.com |

➭ Text (5) – | www.refresher.com |

➭ Text (6) – | Cartoon |

❑ APRESENTAÇÃO DA PROVA:

❑ TEXTO 1:

New law targets fast-food toys

San Francisco has passed a law banning fast-food restaurants from giving away toys with some children’s meals. Supporters say many fast-food meals are very unhealthy, but McDonald’s called the legislation misguided.

It could spell the end of the Happy Meal, the fastfood snack that’s a hit with children at McDonald’s, because it comes with a free toy. City leaders in San Francisco argued the same meals also come with too many calories and they say that has added to a situation where nearly 20% of American children are obese.

Now San Francisco has become the first major US city to ban fast-food restaurants from giving away toys with meals that don’t meet nutritional guidelines. In future, you’ll only get the toy if you buy a healthy snack.

The burger giant McDonald’s sent senior executives to the city to oppose the measure. In a statement, the company said: “Parents tell us it’s their right and responsibility, not the government’s, to make their own decisions and to choose what’s right for their children.”

McDonald's, Burger King and other food companies have signed up to self-regulate how they advertise food to youngsters.

MIRCHANDANI, Rajesh. New law targets fast-food toys. Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsint henews/2010/11/101110_witn_mcdonalds_page.shtml>. Acesso em: 30 mar. 2011.

16 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
About the toys given away by fast-food restaurants, it’s stated in the text that they
(01) have small dangerous pieces.
(02) make the snack more expensive.
(03) usually come with fattening meals.
(04) haven’t attracted most children worldwide.
(05) encourage children to stop eating unhealthy food.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  03 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
Sobre os brinquedos dados por restaurantes de fast food, é declarado no texto que eles...
*Alternativa (01): have small dangerous pieces.
(têm porções perigosas e pequenas.)
*Alternativa (02): make the snack more expensive.(tornam o lanche mais caro.)
*Alternativa (03): usually come with fattening meals.(geralmente vêm com refeições de engorda.)
*Alternativa (04): haven't attracted most children worldwide.
(não atraíram a maioria das crianças em todo o mundo.)
*Alternativa (05): encourage children to stop eating unhealthy food.
(ncentivam as crianças a parar de comer alimentos não saudáveis.)
➦IDEIA OU FUNDAMENTO CONTEXTUAL:
"[...] City leaders in San Francisco argued the same meals also come with too many calories and they say that has added to a situation where nearly 20% of American children are obese."
(Os líderes da cidade de São Francisco argumentaram que as mesmas refeições também vêm com muitas calorias e dizem que isso se soma a uma situação em que quase 20% das crianças americanas são obesas.)

17 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
Considering the new law about fast-food advertising, the text says that McDonald’s, Burger King and other food companies intend to
(01) follow it.
(02) enforce it.
(03) respect it.
(04) disobey it.
(05) consider it.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  04 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

18 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
According to McDonald’s report, American parents (01) are against the government’s decision.
(02) intend not to buy the Happy Meal any more.
(03) have widely accepted the government’s recommendations.
(04) have agreed to buy the Happy Meal only if it comes without the toy.
(05) intend to sue fast-food companies if they sell unhealthy
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  01 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

19 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
The 's in 'not the government's" (l. 19) is the
(01) plural mark.
(02) genitive case.
(03) contraction of is.
(04) contraction of has.
(05) contraction of was.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  02 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO 2:

London's Olympic Park is nearly finished

If you go down to East London today, you’ll notice a transformation. Three years ago, this area of Stratford was an urban wasteland.

500 days to go, and London’s Olympic Park is taking shape. The velodrome is finished, they’re tiling the diving pool, and the stadium seats are in and covered up to protect them from the London weather.

At its heart are more than five miles of newly opened waterways. These used to be big, industrial canals, and then they fell into disrepair.

But they run almost like arteries across the whole Olympic site. The stadium there sits on an island, completely surrounded by water, and what’s fantastic is to see them coming back to life. So often, water in London is used and abused, and this — it’s being cherished.

When the diggers have gone, there’ll be a new urban park here in Stratford — the biggest to be built in Europe for 150 years. A quarter of a million new wetland plants have gone in, and 4,000 new trees.

PINSENT, Matthew.

London’s Olympic Park is nearly finished.

Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/

language/words inthenews/2011/03/110314 _witn_london_2012_page.shtml.

Acesso em: 30 mar. 2011. 

20 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False). About London’s Olympic Park, it’s correct to say:
( ) It won’t take long to be ready for use.
( ) The stadium seats are going to be built very soon.
( ) There isn’t much water there.
( ) Former industrial canals have turned into waterways.
According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:
01) F T T F 
02) F T F T 
03) T F F T 
04) T F T F 
05) T T T T
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  03 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

21 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)

The phrase “500 days to go” (l. 4) means that it’s 500 days

01) until competition begins.
02) to register for the competition.
03) to train for the Olympic Games.
04) until London's Olympic Games end.
05) to get ready to go to London’s Olympics.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  01 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

22 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:
01) The conjunction “If” (l. 1) expresses doubt.
02) The pronoun “them” (l. 7) refers to “the stadium seats” (l. 6)
03) The demonstrative pronoun “These” (l. 9) is in the singular form.
04) The word “completely” (l. 13) is functioning as an adjective.
05) The sentence “it’s being cherished” (l. 15) is in the active voice.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  02 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO 3:

Flipper tags may damage penguins

Scientists in France have suggested that biologists who tag penguins to help track their movements could be causing them harm. The method could also affect data collected from penguins for research on climate change.

For decades scientists have been following penguins by putting bands around their flippers. This allows individual birds to be identified at a distance. But there have been concerns that flipper bands might harm the birds by slowing them down as they swim. 

The latest study, reported in the journal Nature, confirms it. Scientists followed a colony of king penguins for ten years. Birds fitted with bands died younger, started breeding later in the year, took longer to search for food, and overall raised about 40% fewer chicks.

Scientist in the field will now have to find other tagging methods, but in the meantime there are also concerns that some data gathered on penguins down the years, in this ecologically crucial part of the planet, may now be worthless.

BLACK, Richard.

Flipper tags may damage penguins. Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/

language/ wordsinthenews/ 2011/01/110114 _witn_penguin_page.shtml.

Acesso em: 30 mar. 2011.

23 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
Considering penguins without flipper tags, the only statement without support from the text is that they 01) live longer.
02) swim more slowly.
03) have many more chicks.
04) reproduce earlier in the year.
05) take less time to find food.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  02 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

24 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
Fill in the parentheses with T(True) or F (False). The paragraphs from the text, (in brackets on the right), have answers to the following questions:
( ) Why do biologists tag penguins? [par.1]
( ) How long have scientists been following penguins? [par.2]
( ) Where do penguins usually breed? [par.3]
( ) What are scientists worried about? [par.4]
According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
01) T T T T 
02) F T T F
03) F F T T
04) T F T F
05) T T F T
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  05 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

25 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
The only alternative in which the word from the text, on the left, is not suitably defined is
01) “track” (l. 2) — follow.
02) “concerns” (l. 8) — worried feelings.
03) “might” (l. 8) — could.
04) “gathered” (l. 17) — collected.
05) “worthless” (l. 19) — valuable.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  05 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

26 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
The only false cognate is in alternative
01) “suggested” (l. 1).
02) “movements” (l. 2).
03) “method” (l. 3).
04)  “data” (l. 3).
05)  “decades” (l. 5).
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  04 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO 4:
“The first rule of any technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will magnify the efficiency. The second is that automation applied to an inefficient operation will magnify the inefficiency.”

GATES, Bill. The first...Disponível em: <http://www.refresher.com/ wwvol1.html>. Acesso em: 30 mar. 2011.

27 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)

According to the text, automation contributes to
01) decreasing inefficiency.
02) eliminating inefficiency.
03) slowing down efficiency.
04) compensating for inefficiency.
05) highlighting either efficiency or inefficiency.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  05 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO 5:
“Top executives should rate their subordinates on loyalty and competence. Those who are more loyal than competent should be fired because they are the dangerous ones. They will stay forever while other more 5 competent, less loyal people will jump ship as problems develop. And the loyal, non-competent subordinates will ‘protect’ their bosses from the truth. Reality will be too threatening and ugly”

Disponível em:

< http://www.refresher.com/greatest1. html>.

Acesso em: 30 mar. 2011.

28 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
Considering how subordinates should be rated, the text says that
01) loyalty is as important as competence.
02) competence is not as important as loyalty.
03) competence is more important than loyalty.
04) loyalty is by far the most important quality.
05) competence is much less important than loyalty.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  03 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

29 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)
The expression "jump ship" (l. 5) should be understood as
01) leave the job.
02) tell their bosses the truth.
03) solve the problems right away.
04) discuss the problems with their bosses.
05) stay and handle the problems efficiently.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  01 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

30 – (CONSULTEC-2011-CFOPM/BA)

According to this cartoon, penguins are sort of responsible for
(01) air pollution.
(02) icy cold winds.
(03) high birth rates.
(04) global warming.
(05) glacial temperatures.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  04 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
De acordo com esse desenho, os pinguins são responsáveis pelo(a):
*Alternativa (01): air pollution(poluição do ar). 
*Alternativa (02): icy cold winds(ventos gelados).
*Alternativa (03): high birth rates(altas taxas de natalidade).
*Alternativa (04): global warming(aquecimento global).
*Alternativa (05): glacial temperatures(temperaturas glaciais).