quarta-feira, 20 de dezembro de 2017

ITA – 2018 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE AERONÁUTICA – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAITA-SP-2018-LÍNGUA INGLESA.

www.ita.br
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
 GABARITO:


01-B, 02-D, 03-C, 04-B, 05-C 
06-C, 07-D, 08-D, 09-A, 10-E
11-C, 12-A, 13-E, 14-D, 15-B
16-A, 17-E, 18-B, 19-D, 20-E


 TEXTO 1: As questões de 01 a 06 referem-se ao texto a seguir. 

Goodbye things, hello minimalism:

can living with less make you happier?

Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier.

He explains why.

Let me tell you a bit about myself. I'm 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings.

Some of you may think that I'm a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly don't care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: I'm perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions.

Minimalism is a lifestyle in which you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, it has also led to a more fundamental shift. It's given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy.

We think that the more we have, the happier we will be. We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you don't miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes.

So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which I'd had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. I feel more content now than I ever did in the past.

I wasn't always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldn’t throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person.

At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, which often made me miserable. I couldn't focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didn't treat women fairly. I didn't try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy.

My apartment wasn't horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasn't enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that I would read them when I had the time.

The closet was crammed with what used to be my favourite clothes, most of which I’d only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things I’d taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks I’d planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, which of course I had never once put a roll of film in.

It may sound as if I'm exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: “All you did is throw things away,” which is true. But by having fewer things around, I’ve started feeling happier each day. I’m slowly beginning to understand what happiness is.

If you are anything like I used to be – miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks – I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [...] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy
happiness only makes us happy for a little while.

Fonte: adaptado de

<https:ltwww.theguardian.com/booksl2017/apr/121goodbyethings-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-Iessmake-you-happier>.Acesso em: 21 maio 2017.

01 – (ITA/SP-2018)

De acordo com o texto, Fumio

(A) já foi casado, mas está solteiro no momento.
(B) morou em Nakameguro por 10 anos.
(C) mudou-se de Tóquio recentemente.
(D) é editor em uma agência de publicidade.
(E) mudou-se porque precisava quitar dívidas. 

02 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Antes da mudança, Fumio acumulava bens materiais porque

(A) queria vendê-los quando chegasse à velhice.
(B) costumava julgar as pessoas pelos carros que possuíam.
(C) queria desfrutar deles sem se preocupar com o futuro.
(D) acreditava que as posses aumentariam a sua autoestima e felicidade.
(E) desejava impressionar a mulher que amava por meio de suas posses. 

03 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Sobre Fumio, é correto afirmar que

(A) a mudança para o novo apartamento fez com que suas reservas financeiras aumentassem.
(B) seu antigo apartamento era tão bagunçado que ele não podia sequer receber a namorada.
(C) desperdiçava tempo e não conseguia manter o foco, antes de aderir ao minimalismo.
(D) orgulhava-se de ter um salário mais alto do que todos os seus amigos.
(E) era alcóolatra e violento com as pessoas, antes de
mudar o estilo de vida. 

04 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Todas as frases abaixo usam a forma comparativa do adjetivo, EXCETO:

(A) The rent is cheaper, (linhas 6 e 7)
(B) ...you reduce your possessions to the least possible.(linhas 17 e 18)
(C) ...the more we have, the happier we will be. (linhas 24e 25)
(D) I feel more content now than I ever did in the past.(linhas 35 e 36)
(E) But by having fewer things around, (linha 70)
 

05 – (ITA/SP-2018)

As palavras sublinhadas nos excertos da coluna I foram utilizadas tendo os referentes respectivamente indicados na coluna II.

Coluna I

I. ...it has also led to a more fundamental shift. (linhas 21 e 22)

II. ...which often made me miserable. (linha 46)

III. ...I would read them when I had the time. (linhas 57 e 58)

IV. which of course I had never once ... (linha 66)

Coluna II

I.  * living with only the bare essentials

II. * other people who had more or better things

III.* my bookshelves

IV. * a fabulous antique camera

Estão corretas

(A) I, II e III.
(B) I e III.
(C) I e IV.
(D) II, III e IV.
(E) todas. 

06 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Marque a opção correta de acordo com o sentido com que os verbos modais sublinhados são empregados no texto. 

I. Can living with less make you happier? (título) → para indicar uma possibilidade.

II. We never know what tomorrow might bring, (linha 25) → para indicar um estado contrário à realidade.

III. It may sound as if I'm exaggerating ... (linha 67) → para indicar uma probabilidade.

IV. I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. (linhas 75 e 76) → para dar um conselho. 

Estão corretas

(A) I e II.
(B) I, II e IV.
(C) I, III e IV.
(D) II, III e IV.
(E) II e IV. 

 TEXTO 2: As questões de 07 a 12 referem-se ao texto a seguir.

We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female entrepreneurs 

When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding – and for society in general.

[...] Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central in government VCs’ decision making.

In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned companies.

This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]

Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge.

Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks.

We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings [...]. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur.

Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in who got funding and who didn’t. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [...]

Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. Because the purpose of – government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isn’t being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
society as a whole.

Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review

<https:/Ihbr.org/2017/05Iwe-recorded-vcs-conversations-andanalyzed-how-differently-they-talk-about-femaleentrepreneurs>.

Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017.

07 – (ITA/SP-2018)

De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que

(A) o número de propostas feitas por mulheres representava um terço do total de pedidos de investimento.
(B) em virtude dos estereótipos de gênero, somente 16 das candidatas receberam financiamento.
(C) as empreendedoras que foram aprovadas receberam somente 53% do total que requereram.
(D) os homens conseguiram mais do que o dobro de financiamento se comparados às mulheres.
(E) 52% dos requerentes do gênero masculino tiveram seus pedidos de financiamento aprovados. 

08 – (ITA/SP-2018)

De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que

(A) na Suécia, as mulheres possuem cerca de um terço das empresas e, proporcionalmente, conseguem financiamento correspondente ao concedido a empreendedores do sexo masculino.
(B) foram observadas, pelo período de – um ano, as reuniões decisórias para a escolha de quais empreendedores receberiam investimento de capital de risco pelo governo sueco.
(C) a análise do potencial de mercado ou do produto é primordial na tomada de decisão sempre que há dúvidas em relação ao potencial do empreendedor.
(D) tendo em vista que os bancos não podem assumir determinados riscos, o aporte de capital por parte do governo desempenha um papel importante no incentivo à inovação e ao crescimento.
(E) a forma como os investidores (VCs) descrevem os empreendedores desempenha um papel muito claro e inquestionável na decisão de como os recursos financeiros são distribuídos. 

09 – (ITA/SP-2018)

De acordo com as observações dos pesquisadores, para os investidores (VCs)

(A) excesso de entusiasmo causa desconfiança em relação a controle emocional, no caso de mulheres.
(B) cautela é positiva quando se trata de homens; porém, no caso de mulheres, significa medo de arriscar.
(C) juventude é vista como um aspecto promissor tanto para mulheres quanto para homens.
(D) agressividade e arrogância são consideradas características negativas para ambos os gêneros.
(E) experiência, conhecimento e competência são características marcantes das mulheres. 

10 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Marque a opção que lista qualidades expostas no texto que foram colocadas em dúvida em relação às empreendedoras.

(A) Experiência, cautela, juventude e liderança.
(B) Potencial para inovação, competência, assertividade e entusiasmo.
(C) Entusiasmo, potencial de crescimento, confiabilidade e competitividade.
(D) Assertividade, conhecimento de mercado, competência e determinação.
(E) Conhecimento, credibilidade, experiência e
confiabilidade. 

11 – (ITA/SP-2018)

A expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna pode ser

substituída pela expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções, EXCETO em

(A) Although they are not granted ... (linhas 23 e 24) → even though
(B) Aside from a few exceptions, (linha 39) → apart from
(C) Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
(linha 45) → likewise
(D) Whereas men received, on average, (linhas 70 e 71) → while
(E) Because the purpose of govemment venture capital is ... (linhas 78 e 79) → considering that
 

12 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Na sentença

"Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished",

indique a expressão que pode substituir while mantendo o significado e a correção gramatical.

(A) yet
(B) so long as
(C) despite
(D) but that
(E) since

 TEXTO 3: INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de 13 a 15 referem-se à tirinha a seguir.

Fonte: <http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/

subject/The-Snert-Comicsand-Cartoons-by-Hagar+

The+Homble.php>.

Acesso em: 23 maio 2017.

13 – (ITA/SP-2018)

A mãe de Helga pergunta

"What did you ever see in that man?"

porque

(A) acha que ele não dá atenção a sua filha.
(B) repara que ele trata Helga de forma rude.
(C) percebe que Helga está chateada com ele.
(D) suspeita que ele trate o cão melhor do que Helga.
(E) observa que ele é um homem folgado. 

14 – (ITA/SP-2018)

O fato de Helga usar a expressão

"Oh ... now, mother ...",

significa que ela

(A) concorda com sua mãe que cometeu um erro ao se casar com Hägar.
(B) vai contar à sua mãe porque se casou com Hägar,
(C) está irritada com o comportamento do marido.
(D) ficou incomodada com o comentário de sua mãe.
(E) quer confessar para sua mãe o desânimo com o casamento. 

15 – (ITA/SP-2018)

A ironia da mãe de Helga, ao afirmar: "I can see that!", reside no fato de que

(A) ela vê quão bem Hägar trata Snert.
(B) ela constata que Hägar trata Snert como se fosse um serviçal.
(C) Snert pode comer junto com a família.
(D) Hägar passou a noite inteira ensinando truques para Snert.
(E) Hägar permite que Snert fique dentro da casa. 

 TEXTO 4: As questões-de 16 a 20 referem-se ao texto a seguir. 

Augmentation of brain function: facts, fiction and controversy

Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. __(I)__ advances in neural sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions, __ (II)__ for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery, __ (III)__ employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas.

In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The work can be experimental or cornputational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are __ (IV)__ welcome.

While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation.
Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Fonte:

<http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1563/augmentatio

n-of-brain-function-facts-fiction-and-controversy>. Acesso

em: 15 jul. 2017.

16 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Marque a opção que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas I, II, III e IV inseridas no texto.

(A) Due to, as well as, by, also
(B) Because, and, through, too
(C) Owing to, including, beyond, moreover
(D) In view of, plus, over, additionally
(E) Thanks to, together with, by way, likewise
 

17 – (ITA/SP-2018)

O texto é um (a):

(A) artigo de opinião.
(B) artigo científico.
(C) resumo de projeto de pesquisa.
(D) relato de experiência.
(E) chamada para publicação. 

18 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Considere as seguintes afirmações:

I. A melhoria ou o aumento das funções cerebrais- pode ser obtida via: estimulação farmacológica, interface cérebro-máquina, implantes cerebrais ou mesmo remoção de determinadas áreas do cérebro.

II. Atualmente, abordagens para melhoria das funções cerebrais envolvem exclusivamente funções senso - riais, cognitivas e motoras.

III. O aumento das funções cerebrais pode vir a ser usado no tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas.

Com base no texto, estão corretas

(A) apenas I e II.
(B) apenas I e III.
(C) apenas II e III.
(D) apenas III.
(E) todas. 

19 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Com base no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que estudos sobre a melhoria das funções cerebrais

(A) devem-se aos avanços que foram conquistados no
campo das Neurociências.
(B) são realizados tanto na esfera computacional quanto no domínio experimental.
(C) são realizados por cientistas de diferentes áreas.
(D) ainda estão apenas no campo da ficção científica.
(E) englobam questões de natureza ética e filosófica. 

20 – (ITA/SP-2018)

Marque a opção que indica a que it se refere no seguinte excerto:

"... it has become a matter of reality..." (linha 3).

(A) advances in neural sciences
(B) treatment of a neurodegenerative disease
(C) some point in life
(D) science fiction
(E) augmentation of brain function

terça-feira, 19 de dezembro de 2017

MACKENZIE – 2018 – VESTIBULAR – 1º SEMESTRE – GRUPOS ((I - IV - V - VI) – UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE/SP – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAMACKENZIE-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-Grupos (I - IV - V - VI)-APLICAÇÃO 30/11/2017.

➧ GABARITO:


01-A, 02-B, 03-E, 04-C, 05-D, 06-E, 07-A


➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

1-VERBS:
• [to give (give, gave, given) = dar]

2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:
• [to give away (1) = revelar, divulgar]
• [to give away (2) = dar algo para alguém, doar algo]

3-NOUN:
• [inflammation = inflamação]
• [in-laws = sogros]
• [lawyer = advogado]
• [outcome = resultado]
• [relationships = relacionamentos]

4-ADJECTIVES:
• [corrosive (kôRôssêv) = corrosivo, cáustico]
• [disturbed (dêsTôrbd) = perturbado, confuso]
• [hostile (RRóstôl) = hostil, agressivo]
• [inflammatory = inflamatório]
• [known (Nõn) = conhecido]
• [marital (Méuridôu) = conjugal]
• [nasty (Néstch) = indecente]
• [synergistic = sinérgico]

5-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):
• [active listening = escuta ativa]
• [heterosexual couples = casais heterossexuais]
• [inflammatory proteins = proteínas inflamatórias]
• [synergistic effects = efeitos sinérgicos]
• [wild fighters = lutadores selvagens]

6-IDIOMS (Expressões Idiomáticas):
• [feel like a heel (Fíl-LáikâRRíôl) = sentir-se mal por ter feito algo de ruim]

7-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Business English, Finance English and so on):
• [diabetes = diabetes]
• [heart disease = doenças cardíacas]

8-GENITIVE CASE:
• [the world's marital discord = a discórdia conjugal do mundo]

 TEXT IThe following text refers to questions 01 to 03.

Can too little sleep ruin your relationship?

Lack of shut-eye has long been linked to a range of serious health problems.
Now a study confirms that it can also be at the root of strife between couples.

Luisa Dillner - The Guardian
Monday 11 September 2017

Is your partner irritating? Have you stopped having a laugh, and no longer care if they seem unhappy? Before you reach for a counsellor or lawyer, check how much sleep you are getting. While research has consistently linked lack of sleep with increased risks of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, obesity and premature death, it is now finding that it is also corrosive to relationships. Since more than a third of us get only six hours a night (less than the recommended seven to nine), we shouldn't be surprised if our love lives are suffering.

The solution

A study of 43 couples by Ohio State University found that those who slept less than seven hours a night were more likely to argue in a hostile, negative way. However, even if just one partner had had enough sleep, the rows were more likely to be constructive and end with conciliation. The researchers invited the couples into a lab and videoed them arguing about known problems in their relationships (money, in-laws, communication).
They also measured the levels of markers such as the proteins IL-6 and TNF-alpha. A rise in these can trigger inflammation in the body and encourage the onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The study found that while lack of sleep alone did not raise the level of inflammatory markers, it did make for more toxic rows – and it was the stress of a nasty exchange that led to an increase in markers. Previous studies show that men are more likely to fight with their partners after one night of disturbed
sleep, and that couples have more rows after two weeks of less than seven hours sleep.
        
The Ohio research took things further. "This is the first study to show the synergistic effects of short sleep and conflict for inflammation," said lead author, Dr Stephanie J Wilson. Of course, instinctively we know that sleep deprivation makes us short-tempered and unable to concentrate, make decisions or empathise. A sense of humor, badly needed in any relationship, is the first casualty of sleep deprivation.
         
So while more sleep may not solve the world's marital discord, it could lubricate many of our relationships. The study looked solely at heterosexual couples, but the findings are likely to apply more widely. Sleep affects the parts of the brain that solve problems. Without that ability, it is hard to have a "good" row, which requires active listening, good humour and self-disclosure. The study showed that good rows did not raise levels of inflammatory proteins, however little sleep people had. It is also no coincidence that the dive in relationship satisfaction in the first year after having a baby comes during a long stretch of sleep deprivation. It is hard enough to do anything on not much sleep.
www.theguardian.com

01 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The alternative containing only adjectives from the text is

a) Inflammatory – synergistic – corrosive – nasty – marital.
b) Enough – active – stress – negative – trigger.
c) Known – onset – hard – linked – solely.
d) Good - self-disclosure – casualty – further – disturbed.
e) Lead – likely – chronic – heterosexual – without.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• A alternativa contendo apenas adjetivos do texto é a ...
a) Inflammatory – synergistic – corrosive – nasty – marital.
• ADJETIVOS: Inflammatory (Inflamatório) – synergistic (sinérgico) – corrosive (corrosivo) – nasty (indecente) – marital (conjugal).
b) Enough – active – stress – negative – trigger.
• "enough(suficiente)(depois de adjetivo) ➜ ADVERB.
• "[...] It is hard enough to do anything on not much sleep."
• Já é difícil fazer alguma coisa sem dormir muito.
c) Known – onset – hard – linked – solely.
• "onset"(início) é substantivo.
d) Good - self-disclosurecasualty – further – disturbed.
• "self-disclosure"(auto-revelação) e "casualty"(baixa, perda)  são substantivos.
e) Lead – likely – chronic – heterosexual – without.
• "without" pode ser preposição, conjunção ou advérbio.

02 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The study held by the Ohio State University states that

a) When your partner is irritating you, a sense of humor is needed to be able to stand it.
b) Lack of sleep turns the couple into wild fighters; the outcome, however, might be different if at least one of them has had enough sleep.
c) The less sleep you have, the better are the chances you will make up with your partner.
d) Couples can't do enough chores around the house when under not much sleep.
e) Being videoed discussing problems is meant to end with rows couple have in no time.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O estudo realizado pela Ohio State University afirma que
*Alternativa (A): Quando seu parceiro está irritando você, um senso de humor é necessário para ser capaz de suportar isso.
*Alternativa (B): Falta de sono transforma o casal em guerreiros selvagens; o resultado, no entanto, pode ser diferente se pelo menos um deles tiver dormido o suficiente.
*Alternativa (C): Quanto menos sono você tiver, melhores serão as chances de fazer as pazes com seu parceiro.
*Alternativa (D): Os casais não podem fazer tarefas suficientes em casa quando não dormem muito.
*Alternativa (E): Estar em vídeo discutindo problemas é feito para acabar com as filas de casal em nenhum momento.
➦VEJA confirmação no parágrafo:
"[...] A study of 43 couples by Ohio State University found that those who slept less than seven hours a night were more likely to argue in a hostile, negative way. However, even if just one partner had had enough sleep, the rows were more likely to be constructive and end with conciliation."
(Um estudo de 43 casais da Ohio State University descobriu que aqueles que dormiam menos de sete horas por noite eram mais propensos a argumentar de maneira hostil e negativa. No entanto, mesmo se apenas um parceiro tivesse dormido o suficiente, as linhas seriam mais propensas a ser construtivas e acabariam com a conciliação.)

03 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The word trigger in the text means

a) to cause or help to rise to a standing position.
b) to make smaller in amount, volume, or extent.
c) to cause to rise or increase abruptly and rapidly.
d) to cause something to leave an area or place.
e) to cause (something) to start or happen.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
A palavra TRIGGER(provocar/desencadear) no texto significa:
*Alternativa (A): causar ou ajudar a subir para uma posição de pé.
*Alternativa (B): diminuir em quantidade, volume ou extensão.
*Alternativa (C): fazer subir ou aumentar abrupta e rapidamente.
*Alternativa (D): fazer com que algo saia de uma área ou lugar.
*Alternativa (E): fazer com que (algo) comece ou aconteça.
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: TRIGGER ➝ (provocar/desencadear).
"[...] They also measured the levels of markers such as the proteins IL-6 and TNF-alpha. A rise in these can trigger inflammation in the body and encourage the onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes."
(Eles também mediram os níveis de marcadores, como as proteínas IL-6 e TNF-alfa. Um aumento nestes pode DESENCADEAR a inflamação no corpo e incentivar o aparecimento de doenças crônicas, como diabetes.)

 TEXT II: The following text refers to questions 04 and 05.

"The Little Things That Give You Away"
(written and performed by U2)

The night gave you song
A light had been turned on
You walked out in the world
Like you belong there

As easy as a breeze
Each heart was yours to please
Is it only me who sees
There’s something wrong there
Oh no la la, I’m not a ghost now
I can see you
You need to see me

It’s the little things that give you away
The words you ________(I)_________
Your big mouth ________(II)_________
It’s the little things that tease ________(III)_________
As the hunted I become ________(IV)_________
It’s the little things
The little things that give you away

I saw you on the stairs
You didn’t notice I was there
That’s ‘cause you were talking at me
Not to me

You were high above the storm
A hurricane being born
But this freedom
It might cost you your liberty

04 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The phrasal verb GIVE AWAY is correctly used with the same meaning as in the song in

a) There are many radio and tv programs in Brazil on which prizes are given away.
b) The store is staging a promotional giveaway to attract new customers.
c) The insincerity of his apology was given away by that slight smirk on his face.
d) I didn’t like that book, so I gave it away.
e) Who gave away this woman to this man in Holy matrimony?

05 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The most probable words used to complete the lines in the song are

a) (I) pray; (II) this way; (III) and stay; (IV) the day.
b) (I) have to stay; (II) away; (III) and delay; (IV) the rain.
c) (I) wanna change; (II) can say; (III) and play; (IV) the way.
d) (I) cannot say; (II) in the way; (III) and betray; (IV) the prey.
e) (I) can say; (II) will pray; (III) and spray; (IV) the dismay.

 TEXT III (Comic Strip)The following comic strip refers to questions 07 and 07.

06 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The idiomatic expression "feel like a heel", used in the comic strip, means

a) look or feel extremely good.
b) have a desire to do or to have something.
c) feel as healthy or happy as you usually are.
d) have an inclination or desire for something.
e) feel bad for something you have done to someone and you are sorry.

07 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the strip

a) Garfield is not fond of spiders.
b) Garfield’s father is dead.
c) The father spider has just become a widow.
d) The spider family has survived Garfield.
e) Garfield fears spiders more than spiders fear him.

sexta-feira, 15 de dezembro de 2017

MACKENZIE – 2018 – VESTIBULAR – 1º SEMESTRE - GRUPOS (II - III) – UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE/SP – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAMACKENZIE-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-Grupos (II - III)-APLICAÇÃO 30/11/2017.

➧ GABARITO:


01-D, 02-A, 03-B, 04-E, 05-C, 06-C, 07-D


➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

1-VERBS:
• [to warrant = garantir]
2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:
• [to stand out = destacar-se]
3-NOUN:
• [crowd (Kráud) = multidão]
• [turmoil (thôrMôiól) = riot = tumulto]
4-ADJECTIVES:
• [unpleasant (ãPlézentch) = desagradável]
5-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):
• [government agencies = agências governamentais (públicas)]
• [unique feature = característica única]
6-IDIOMS (Expressões Idiomáticas):
• [it isn't all it's cracked up to be = não é tão bom quanto as pessoas dizem que é]
7-COLLOCATIONS:
• [For the last 24 hours = Nas últimas 24 horas]
8-TECHNICAL ENGLISH:
• [bezel-less display = visor sem moldura]
• [competitive edge = vantagem competitiva]
• [economic policy = política econômica]
• [National Treasury = Tesouro Nacional]
• [public expenditure = despesa pública]
• [upgraded processor = processador atualizado]
• [wireless charging = carregamento sem fio] 
9-GENITIVE CASE:
• [Apple's new flagship = carro-chefe da Apple]
• [consumers' purchasing decisions = decisões de compra dos consumidores]
• [public servants' wages = salários dos servidores públicos]
• [country's financial situation = situação financeira do país]

➧ PROVA:
 TEXT IThe following text refers to questions 01 to 03.

Four reasons why I won’t buy the iPhone X       

The iPhone X fails to impress me in many ways. Although it’s the most impressive device Apple has built, it does have a number of flaws that are big enough to convince me to stay away from it and get a competing Android handset instead.

___(I)___, plenty of publications ___(II)___all the great features of Apple’s new flagship including its large bezel-less display, upgraded processor, and the addition of wireless charging. It’s extremely easy to get caught up in all the excitement, but if you take a step back and have an honest look at the new device, you’ll quickly realize that the iPhone X isn’t all it’s cracked up to be.

It definitely has its faults, which we’ll take a closer look at in this post. Here are four reasons why I won’t buy the iPhone X.

1. It doesn’t have the X factor
The iPhone X is packed with the latest technology. It has a dual-camera setup on the back, a bezel-less display, a powerful chipset, and also supports wireless charging.

The problem is that these things aren’t really new, as they are already present on a number of Android smartphones.

The truth is that the new iPhone lacks the X factor, which is at least one unique feature that would make it stand out from the crowd. Just look at the Android world: the Galaxy S8 has the curved display, the Note 8 comes equipped with the S Pen, Motorola’s high-end handsets have Moto Mods and the Shatter Shield display, and the OnePlus 5 has Dash Charge. These features give the devices a competitive edge over their rivals and can really influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

2. It’s way too expensive
Samsung took the wraps off the Galaxy Note 8 last month that shocked the public with its high price tag of $929. However, starting at $999, the new iPhone almost makes the Note 8 look like a bargain.

It’s the most expensive iPhone to date and based on what it brings to the table compared to the competition, it’s kind of hard — almost impossible — to justify its high price. To have a better idea of just how expensive the iPhone X is, compare it with some of the other high-end smartphones on the market nowadays.

3. There’s no fingerprint scanner on board
Apple’s business strategy seems a bit weird. Instead of adding features to its devices, the company is actually removing them. After ditching the headphone jack last year, the tech giant is back with another bold move: the iPhone X doesn’t have a fingerprint scanner.

The security feature that has become standard on most high-end and mid-range smartphones is replaced by Face ID, which is Apple’s new face recognition technology. To unlock the iPhone, you have to lift it up to your face, make sure the camera is pointing at you, and then swipe up.
Unlocking with a scan of the finger is much quicker and easier.

4. It doesn’t look sexy
Let’s face it, design is important — no one wants an ugly smartphone. While I wouldn’t call the iPhone X ugly, I also wouldn’t call it good-looking.
The overall design of the device could be described as bland. It definitely doesn’t stand out from the crowd, and is, to be honest, a bit boring.

The first thing I have a problem with is the notch on the top that houses the camera, the proximity sensor, and so forth. I’d rather see a slightly larger bezel on top like on the Note 8 or V30, as it just looks a lot more stylish in my opinion. Aside from that, there really aren’t a lot of bad things to say about the front of the smartphone. I do like the screen-to-body ratio that makes the large device a lot more compact.
www.androidauthority.com

01 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The correct time expression and verb tense used to complete the sentences in the text are

a) (I) In the last 24 hours; (II) were talking about
b) (I) 24 hours ago; (II) had been talking about
c) (I) In the past 24 hours ago; (II) have been talking about
d) (I) For the last 24 hours; (II) have been talking about
e) (I) In the recent 24 hours; (II) had been talking about

02 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The text states that

a) Due to its dull and insipid look, the new iPhone can’t be considered a noticeable gadget.
b) Among the four reasons mentioned, reason number 3 is the most reliable.
c) Although there’s no fingerprint scanner in it, the iPhone X is deprived of the X factor, which makes it an appealing device to users.
d) The only problem with the current version of the iPhone is that its compact size does not make its screen so large.
e) The newest Samsung model has been offered for a really low price in the market nowadays, by far beating the iPhone price.

03 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The expression "it isn't all it's cracked up to be" in the text has the same meaning as

a) parts of the problem are difficult or unpleasant.
b) it is not as good as people say it is.
c) the returns from an activity or enterprise do not warrant the time, money or effort required.
d) it is visibly happy or cheerful (sometimes to hide inner turmoil).
e) it is a poor example of a certain thing.

• A expressão "it isn't all it's cracked up to be" no texto tem o mesmo significado que...
a) parts of the problem are difficult or unpleasant.
• partes do problema são difíceis ou desagradáveis.
b) it is not as good as people say it is.
• não é tão bom quanto as pessoas dizem que é.
c) the returns from an activity or enterprise do not warrant the time, money or effort required.
• os retornos de uma atividade ou empreendimento não garantem o tempo, dinheiro ou esforço necessários.
d) it is visibly happy or cheerful (sometimes to hide inner turmoil).
• é visivelmente feliz ou alegre (às vezes para esconder a agitação interna).
e) it is a poor example of a certain thing.
• é um mau exemplo de uma certa coisa.

 TEXT II: The following text refers to questions 04 and 05.

Level of Public Investment in Brazil Is the Worst in the Last 10 Years
09/11/2017
MAELI PRADO
MARIANA CARNEIRO
FROM BRASÍLIA

The public investment in Brazil reached the lowest level __(I)__ the last ten years, which has contributed to push down the G.D.P. (Gross Domestic Product) even more.

__(II)__ a strong effort to reduce expenditure and meet the fiscal target, the investments made by the federal government in the first seven months of this year have totaled R$ 16.3 billion (US$ 5 billion), nearly R$ 10 billion (US$ 3.1 billion) less in comparison __(III)__ the same period in 2016 and
the lowest amount since 2008, when the series began to be recorded by the National Treasury.

This total includes public construction and the purchases of new facilities for government agencies, as well as materials for permanent use, such as computers.

Investments are natural candidates to be cut _(IV)_ times of adjustment, as more than 90% of public expenditure follows outlay rules and cannot be reduced without a change in legislation.

On the other hand, they are an important factor to stimulate the economy.

Manoel Pires, an economist _(V)_ FGV and former secretary of Economic Policy of the Dilma Rousseff administration, says that cutting investment has a strong impact _(VI)_ the activity - much more than the decline in expenses related to civil service or subsidies.

“When subsidies are increased, the effect _(VII)_ the activity is marginal. In the cases of expenses related to public servants’ wages, it is between 0.6 and 0.7 [percent] of the G.D.P. For investments, that number reaches between 1.4 and 1.6 [percent].”

In other words, for every R$ 1 (US$ 0.3) spent _(VIII)_ the government with investment, the G.D.P. increases by R$ 1.60 (US$ 0.5). If there is as cut, it has an opposite effect.

04 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The prepositions missing from the text above are respectively

(A) on(I) - in(II) - to(III) - from(IV) - for(V) - over(VI) - in(VII) - with(VIII)
(B) to(I- as(II) - in(III) - off(IV) - in(V) - for(VI) - for(VII) - at(VIII)
(C) along(I- on(II) - to(III) - with(IV) - from(V) - to(VI) - on(VII) - in(VIII)
(D) for(I- to(II) - with(III) - on(IV) - on(V) - into(VI) - over(VII) - with(VIII)
(E) in(I- amid(II) - with(III) - in(IV) - at(V) - on(VI) - on(VII) - by(VIII)

05 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The text states that

a) Public construction and the purchases of new facilities for government agencies are among the subsidies that have made public servants' wages drop recently.
b) The G.D.P. has risen threefold since public expenditure started to be controlled.
c) In spite of the fact that investments are the first thing to be dealt with during a crisis, they are also responsible for the financial growth of a city.
d) The public investment in Brazil has never been lower in the history of the country’s financial situation.
e) The Economic Policy of the Dilma Rousseff administration has contributed a lot to the decline of the G.D.P. in Brazil, according to the National Treasury.

• O texto afirma que...
a) Public construction and the purchases of new facilities for government agencies are among the subsidies that have made public servants' wages drop recently.
• A construção pública e a compra de novas instalações para órgãos do governo estão entre os subsídios que vêm fazendo com que os salários dos servidores públicos caiam recentemente.
b) The G.D.P. has risen threefold since public expenditure started to be controlled.
• O PIB. triplicou desde que as despesas públicas começaram a ser controladas.
c) In spite of the fact that investments are the first thing to be dealt with during a crisis, they are also responsible for the financial growth of a city.
• Apesar de os investimentos serem a primeira coisa a ser enfrentada durante uma crise, eles também são responsáveis pelo crescimento financeiro de uma cidade.
• Informação (C) de acordo com o trecho:
• "[...] In other words, for every R$ 1 (US$ 0.3) spent by the government with investment, the G.D.P. increases by R$ 1.60 (US$ 0.5). If there is as cut, it has an opposite effect."
• Em outras palavras, parar cada R$ 1 (US $ 0,3) gasto pelo governo com investimento, o G.D.P. aumenta em R$ 1,60 (US $ 0,5). Se houver como cortado, ele tem um efeito oposto.
d) The public investment in Brazil has never been lower in the history of the country’s financial situation.
• O investimento público no Brasil nunca foi menor na história da situação financeira do país.
e) The Economic Policy of the Dilma Rousseff administration has contributed a lot to the decline of the G.D.P. in Brazil, according to the National Treasury.
• A Política Econômica do governo Dilma Rousseff muito contribuiu para o declínio do PIB no Brasil, segundo o Tesouro Nacional.

06 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)


According to the e-card,


a) Should you forget both the present and the past, your life will change one day.
b) Had the present been forgotten, you would have more fun now.
c) You should have been given a present on your birthday.
d) You wish you had forgotten not only the past but also the present.
e) If you were to ignore the present, you would be feeling fine in the past.

• TRADUÇÃO LIVRE do e-card:
• Two secrets on your Birthday:(Dois segredos sobre o seu aniversário)
1) Forget the past, you can't change it.(Esqueça o passado, você não consegue mudá-lo.)
2) Forget the present, I didn't get you one.(Esqueça o presente, eu não comprei um para você.)
• De acordo com o e-card,
a) Should you forget both the present and the past, your life will change one day.
• Se você esquecer o presente e o passado, sua vida mudará um dia.
b) Had the present been forgotten, you would have more fun now.
• Se o presente tivesse sido esquecido, você se divertiria mais agora. 
c) You should have been given a present on your birthday.
• Você deveria ter recebido um presente no seu aniversário.
d) You wish you had forgotten not only the past but also the present.
• Você gostaria de ter esquecido não apenas o passado, mas também o presente.
e) If you were to ignore the present, you would be feeling fine in the past.
• Se você ignorasse o presente, estaria se sentindo bem no passado.

07 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)


After reading the e-card, we can conclude that


a) Coincidences do not exist.
b) The pronunciation of the two words mentioned is the same.
c) “Awesome” has something to do with the pronoun “me”.
d) The guy in the picture is really snobbish.
e) The opinion of the guy in the picture does not count for the truth.

• TRADUÇÃO LIVRE do 
e-card:
• Awesome ends 'Me' ...(Maravilhoso/Sensacional termina em mim...)
• Coincidence?(Coincidência?)
• I think not! (Eu acho que não!)
• Depois de ler o cartão eletrônico, podemos concluir que
a) Coincidences do not exist.
• Não existem coincidências.
b) The pronunciation of the two words mentioned is the same.
• A pronúncia das duas palavras mencionadas é a mesma.
c) “Awesome” has something to do with the pronoun “me”.
• “Impressionante” tem algo a ver com o pronome “eu”.
d) The guy in the picture is really snobbish.
• O cara da foto é muito esnobe.
e) The opinion of the guy in the picture does not count for the truth.
• A opinião do cara da foto não conta para a verdade.